Oakley (1972, cited in Howson, 2013) refers to gender as the ‘psychological, social and representational differences between men and women, which are socially determined and culturally variable’. Combined with Fulcher & Scott’s definition of gender, it can be assumed that males are characteristically expected to feel, think and behave in a masculine manner, whilst females are expected to do the same in a feminine manner. (Fulcher & Scott, 2011, 151). In contrast to
Tannen’s writing is lengthy, personal, analytical and well sourced. Even though the differences between these two pieces can easily be highlighted there are some similarities. Both Tannen and Quindlen believe there are obvious differences and similarities between men and women. However, when specifically observing the relationship between men and women Tannen believes the main differences lie in communication, reactions, the way life is approached and the dynamics of childhood.
122 As a process, gender creates the social differences that define “woman” and “man.” In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and react in expected ways, and thus simultaneously construct and maintain the gender order pg. 123 As part of a stratification system, gender ranks men above women of the same race and class pg. 123 The dominant categories are the hegemonic ideals, taken so for granted as the way things should be that white is not ordinarily thought of as race, middle class or men as a gender. The characteristics of these categories define the Other as that which lacks the valuable qualities the dominants exhibit. Pg.
In other parts of the world sexism is more prominent because males have dominant roles over women and therefore look down upon them. Not only is there sexism, but there is ambivalent sexism which is defined as sexism directed against women based on both positive and negative attitudes (hostility and benevolence) rather than uniform dislike. To better understand ambivalent sexism I took a test that would rate my hostile and ambivalent sexism. The Ambivalent sexism inventory measure how sexist you are towards men and women. My scores from this test were quite surprising to me.
However, the institutional oppression can be seen anywhere we go. The symbolic dimension consist of stereotyping of genders, races including the masculine and feminine traits that are associated with men and women. I see this dimension of oppression constantly, if you ask anyone to define what makes a man a man and a woman a woman, you will most likely receive the same answer. Associating women with feminine traits such as passive, emotional and weak while men will be characterized with aggressive, strong and being leaders. The last dimension Collins focused on was the individual dimension of oppression which involves us all coming into terms with multiple ways in which race, class, and gender gives us a certain attitude about ourselves which leads us towards certain actions
Ignorance What causes cross-cultural conflicts? In the articles “Sex and Gender” by William Thompson and Joseph Hickey, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” by Deborah Tannen, and “Identity in Transformation” by Yasmin Ahmed, each will explore the many obstacles people face in their lives and demonstrate how clashes among different cultures are caused by assumptions manifested from expectations. In “Sex and Gender,” William Thompson and Joseph Hickey explain the differences between sex and gender. Most altercations come from the differences in terms of sex and gender that aren’t clear to others, ”Sex is based on biological and physical differences between females and males; gender refers to a cultural understanding of what constitutes masculinity and femininity in a society” (285). Sex is established by genetics whereas gender is shaped by ones particular society at particular times.
I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males in one light and females in another, we all at some point expect men to be the ones that are tough, and brave and look at women as being emotional. When it could be the other way around. There are still those who feel that women should be home makers and not working to where men should be out bringing home the bacon. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation?
The Genderlect Theory serves a great example of the communication used in the 1989 movie, When Harry Met Sally. The example will help in better understanding the differences between the speech acts of men and women and why they interact in the ways that they do. As we all know, dialect is local or regional feature of a language. Deborah Tannen coins the word “genderlect” to explain and show the linguistic variations based on gender. Men and women are made up of different genetic material (Liberman,
Diversity Issues in Criminal Justice 2600.001 Social Construction is a norm that is created by society to persuade females and males into what occupations, groups, accessories, and ways of lifestyle that are accepted and what is not accepted by society making them outcasts. There are also standard implications for racial groups that divide race into perspective groups as well. Another contributing factor is class, people from a certain class level stay within their group and it is difficult to overcome the social norm and ascend the ladder of the classes. Our analysis of diversity issues created by the social norm of the people was in the aspects of the clothing, media, occupations, athletics and literature. There is an implied social
Gender inequality is amongst us all in any given society. Although gender is not as simple as may seem. Gender comes into play along with a number of different aspects such as sex, gender and gender roles. Each of these aspects play a significant part when speaking of the different social problems encountered by men and women. Sex makes up the biological differences; of male or female.