Decubitus ulcers primarily affect the cutaneous membrane, causing breakdown of the epidermis due to factors such as pressure, shear, friction, ischemia and moisture (Campbell and Parish, 2010). The most recognised cause of a decubitus ulcer is pressure – when the external pressure on the cutaneous membrane exceeds the capillary pressure ischemia is caused, which finally results in necrosis (Shridharani et al, 2013). A staging system was developed by the National Pressure Sore Advisory Panel Consensus Development Conference in 2007, outlining five stages of decubitus ulcer (Shridharani et al, 2013). Stage I is categorised by erythema of the skin that is not blanchable but the skin is still intact. Stage II involves skin damage via ulceration or blistering, that indicate necrosis deeper within the skin.
Stroke Awareness Health Assessment The self-risk assessment I chose to complete was about strokes. A stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted or disturbed. Being that the brain requires a constant flow of oxygen any interruptions could prove to be fatal. The two types of strokes are Ischemic or hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke is typically caused by excess buildup of plague on the blood vessel walls that narrows blood flow dramatically.
Control angiography with QCA and IVUS assessment of the target segment was done at one year. 3.5. Endpoints The primary endpoint was the cumulative rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and Ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary endpoints included cardiac death, all-cause death, MI, TLR, target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), and device success rate. Cardiac death included death resulting from an acute MI, sudden cardiac death, death due to heart failure and death due to cardiac procedures.
Purpose and Research Questions: Sepsis is a condition that could potentially be prevented if a nurse was equipped with the knowledge and science in order to recognize and prevent its development, and addressing the condition appropriately upon the first signs of symptoms of sepsis. The study discussed has the objective of establishing the knowledge and understanding of nurses with relation to sepsis, identifying triggers of sepsis, and the potential nursing care that can be implemented to prevent sepsis from potentially occurring. By better understanding the potential gap regarding the subject of sepsis in nursing and closing this gap through the expansion of knowledge on the subject and the mechanism of prevention it could potentially
2. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was decreased in 1965 by Hakim and Adams as a new syndrome in three patients showing a charcteristic clinical triad of altered mentation, gait difficulties, and sphincter disturbance together with ventricular dilation in air studies and normal pressure of the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) at lumbar puncture. This apparently paradoxical condition has prompted a considerable number of studies aimed at explaining the pathophysiological background of the disease and at identifying the best candidates for CSF shunting surgery. Treatment of (NPH) is surgical by diverting CSF either through the ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial system 3. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection can be detrimental to the pediatric patients with hydrocephalus and his or her family.
(Moustafa & Baron, 2008). This patient experienced rapid onset diplopia, dysphasia, right sided hemiparesis, dizziness, ataxia, and an altered level of consciousness. The physiology of this patient’s CVA shows how and why his functional state was affected, and rationalises his
It is said to affect 48% of the population. The disc above the transitional vertebra is subject to increased stress which renders the vertebral motion segment hypermobile and prone to early degeneration. The asymmetry of mvt between the transitional vertebrae and the sacrum may accelerate these changes. Berlotti was discovered when a total of 769 consecutive patients with low back pain underwent elective MRI of e lumbo-sacral spine between July 03- Nov 04. Bertlotti was discovered in 383 patients.
Split-Brain Studies In split-brain studies, patients undergo surgery to sever the corpus callosum, the thick band of about 200 million nerve fibres connecting the right and left hemisphere. This operation is called a commisurotomy and prevents communication between the two hemispheres on higher cortical levels. The patients now have what is known as a split brain. The two sides of the brain are still connected at the subcortical (deeper) level but the cerebral hemispheres are separated. This invasive method is undertaken to prevent the spread of severe epileptic seizures from one side of the brain to the other.
Other causes are severe constipation from a hard mass of stool, and narrowing of the intestine caused by diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease. The Symptoms Bowel Obstruction is: Cramping and belly pain that comes and goes. The pain can occur around or below the belly button, Vomiting, Bloating, Constipation and a lack of gas, if the intestine is completely blocked, and Diarrhea, if the intestine is partly blocked. Ostomy Care Ostomy is a surgically created opening, the opening is called a stoma. The person wears a pouch over the stoma to collect feces and flatus.
APPLIED CLINICAL PARAMEDIC CARE ‘One of the most common symptoms in patients presenting to the ambulance service is pain’ (Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee (JRCALC) 2006a: 1). Porth (1994: 982) suggests that pain is, ‘a complex and personal phenomenon. It involves not only anatomic structures and physiologic behaviours but psychological, social, cultural and cognitive factors as well. It can be an overwhelming experience, often disruptive to customary behaviour, and when severe it demands and directs all of one’s attention’. This assignment will analysis the pathophysiology of pain and the related care of severe pain in patients who may be attended by the emergency ambulance services by the use of ketamine as an analgesic agent.