Need Satisfaction Theory

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The reward/need satisfaction theory of relationship proposed by Byrne & Clore (1970) asserts that if a relationship is seen to offer the prospect of reward (for either party), it is more likely to form – if there is little or no perceived reward, the relationship does not form. Their model is based on the behaviourist principles of operant and classical conditioning. According to the former, behaviour that results in a beneficial outcome makes repetition of this behaviour more likely, whereas if the outcome is undesirable, the behaviour is less likely to be repeated or continued. A relationship that brings perceived advantages is a case of positive reinforcement but the relationship can also be characterised by negative reinforcement if the…show more content…
For example, Trevor commutes to work on the same train as Laura but they are strangers to one another and normal commuter behaviour is to avoid interaction with others on the train. However, Trevor attends a concert of his favourite band, he is having a good time and he spots Laura in the crowd so the following day he decides to talk to Laura and they finds they have many musical tastes in common. A relationship has been initiated because Trevor now associates Laura with rewarding…show more content…
in 1978 and proposed that profit was less important than fairness in the relationship. According to Hatfield (2011) “According to Equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are getting exactly what they deserve from their relationships—no more and certainly no less” Exchange Theory is more concerned with under-benefit as a disadvantage but Equity Theory places a greater emphasis on both under-benefit and over-benefit. Under-benefits are likely to provoke a sense of anger and resentment and over-benefits are likely to provoke a sense of guilt. The Equity model suggests that a person would be driven to restore the equity within an unbalanced relationship by either reducing their input or increasing their outputs and it is the inability to reach balance that can lead to the breaking of the relationship. Investment theory focusses on the extent to which commitment is determined by investment in a relationship rather than solely satisfaction or reward. Rusbult (1983) argued that the more someone invests in a relationship (whether in financial, temporal or emotional terms), the greater their commitment to that relationship. Rusbult & Martz (1995) used the basic principles of the investment theory to offer explanation as to why individuals stay in abusive relationships. In such cases, quality of alternatives becomes a significant factor in the continuation of what may be perceived by others
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