How is the Crusades defined? In according to the all about God website, “The Crusades were a series of military missions, usually organized and promoted by the Pope and/or Roman Catholic Church. The crusades took place through the 11th and 13th centuries A.D.” If we look have a close look to recent events, we could come with the clear understanding on how the Crusaders were started. Back in 1095, the Muslims were taking over and if they were as cruel as they are now, population, from my point of view, were terrorized. Pushing certain individuals to take actions on their own, by forming the Crusades.
However, as the empire split into four the scholars were split to different nations and culture which effectively affected the method of political power because Golden Horde was severely influenced by the Islamic teachings and the Khan of Golden Horde was converted to Islam. Yuan dynasty had completely different methods of political power because they were usig Confucius methods of life style. One continuity from 1200 to 1500 CE was tribute from defeated nations to Chinggis Khan than to four khanates. When Chinggis Khan conquered different empires, he demanded tributes from each defeated town or city leading to a tribute system. This lead to many cities and towns paying because of the retribution for not paying was too high.
The crusades also pulled a large amount of people out of Europe, many of which would not return. Some crusaders of course did make it back to Europe, often with a very different view of the world. Another major effect on the culture of Europe because of the crusades was a weakening of the nobility and an uplifting of the merchant class. This happened because of the massive expense on the nobility to finance their war campaigns against the Muslims. This money of course came from merchants who made massive profits lending to the nobles.
The Emperor and the Roman people should have done more to help and prevent it from falling. There are adherents to single factors, but more people think a combination of such factors as Christianity, decadence, lead, monetary trouble, and military problems caused the Fall of Eastern Rome. Even the rise of Islam is proposed as the reason for Rome’s fall. The Roman Empire not only expanded, but was modified by the conquered people. The structures of the Roman government changed to deal with new situations.
The Mediterranean region had political transformations that changed cultures in the periods 200 c.e to 1000 c.e. Most of these cultural changes happened through the empire of Rome which was then created into the Byzantine Empire. One change that happened was the development of feudalism which caused local leaders and their retinues begin to form a warrior class distinct from the people of their territory. Second, Religious practices drastically changed during this period due to the new ruling of Constantine. Third, Germanic tribes with their barbaric invasions weakened the Roman Empire which led to disappearance of Roman ways.
New conquests extended its domain well into central Europe and throughout the Arab portion of the old Islamic caliphate, and a new amalgam of political, religious, social, and economic organizations and traditions was institutionalized and developed into a living, working whole. The Empire, sadly, would begin a slow decline into the cesspool of third world countries. One of the primary causes blamed for the fall of the Ottoman Empire was the decline of the Sultanate. Originally the Sultanate was a strong institution, in which the Sultan would select a competent successor from among his often numerous sons. This weakening began late in the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent.
Part of Alexander III’s problem was the legacy left by his father who had begun reforms which raised expectations of major change within Russia. Other problems he faced were that Russia was economically underdeveloped, he had to keep the large multi-ethnic empire together and also the country was still recovering from the death of Alexander II. As a result Alexander III pursued a policy of counter-reform. Counter-reform was partly a reaction to the murder of Alexander II, but Alexander III also believed that his father’s ‘Great Reforms’ had been a mistake, weakening Tsarism and leaving it insecure. His policy was to undo the reforms as far as possible and he did this through a number of social and political changes.
On the other side, the Safavids were slightly tolerant. When the Isma’il came into power, he named Shi’a Islam as the religion of hid empire- with this it caused many wars, but change the path of the empire, affecting what we now know as Iran forever. With that, it’s safe to say that all of them enjoyed conquering new states, though not necessarily for the same reason. The Ottoman Empire was mainly interested in conquering, just to spread Islam. Their religion was their inspiration, whereas the other had less of the incentive.
(It was later completed during the Ming dynasty). During Rome’s decline, barbarian tribes tried to invade the city and take over. The then crumbling empire, were usually able to provide enough strength to overcome the attacks. Both empires were interested in conquest and constantly wanted to expand their empire and keep foreigners out. Although the Roman Empire and Han China shared great technological advances, they differed in their ruling practices.
Rise of Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans arose from the obscure reaches of Anatolia in the west of Turkey; these Western Turks were called the Oghuz. They had come primarily as settlers during the reign of the Seljuk in Turkey (1098-1308); the Anatolian frontier was largely hostile to Islam some of them were warriors to the Islamic faith carrying out jihad, or "holy struggle," to spread the faith among hostile unbelievers. It was a tough life in Anatolia; the Seljuks had been the first to maintain power over the area. The Ottomans soon ruled a small military state in western Anatolia by 1300; about the time the Seljuk state was crumbling apart. This small state was in conflict with several other small Muslim states, each preying on the other for territory.