Discuss surplus-enhancing transactions in markets 6. Explain how elasticity affects the way in which the burden of a per-unit tax is shared between buyers and sellers 7. Explain how elasticity affects the size of the deadweight loss created by a per-unit tax **NOTE: All of chapter 5 of Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis and O’Brien (2011) Microeconomics, 2nd edition, Pearson is required reading. 1. Consumer surplus The difference between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service, and the price they actually pay.
Measuring Economic Health Memo * In this writing, I will describe the use of gross domestic product to measure the business cycle, describe the roles of government bodies that determine national fiscal policies, explain the effects of fiscal policies on the economy’s production and employment. Finally I will talk about how do changes in government spending and taxes positively or negatively affect the economy’s production and employment. Gross domestic product, the official measure of total output of goods and services in the U.S. economy, represents the capstone and grand summary of the world's best system of economic statistics. The federal government organizes millions of pieces of monthly, quarterly, and annual data from government agencies, companies, and private individuals into hundreds of statistics, such as the consumer price index (CPI), the employment report, and summaries of corporate and individual tax returns. The U.S. Department of Commerce then marshals the source data into a complete set of statistics known as the National Income and Product Accounts.
Proponents of the notion of a "political business cycle" suggest that: A. The standardized budget is a better indicator of the state of the economy than the actual budget B. Cyclical swings in the economy are produced by the inherent instability found in capitalist economies C. A possible cause of economic fluctuations is due to the use of fiscal policy for political purposes D. There is a tradeoff among goals that tends to make the economic policies of state and local governments procyclical 19. One of the timing problems with fiscal policy is an "operational lag" that occurs between the: A. Beginning of a recession and the time that it is recognized that the event is occurring B.
only the portion of the loss attributable to inventory sold during the period is recorded in the financial statements. B. the market value figure for ending inventory is substituted for cost and the loss is buried in cost of goods sold C. a loss is recorded directly in the inventory account by crediting inventory and debiting loss on inventory decline. D. there is a direct reduction in the selling price of the product that results in a loss being recorded on the income statement prior to the sale. 15) Designated market value A. may sometimes exceed net realizable value. B. should always be equal to net realizable value less a normal profit margin.
c. Suppose government imposes a tax equal to the marginal external cost. What is the equilibrium price paid by consumers and the equilibrium quantity after implementation of the tax? d. At the output level in part (c), how much is the tax? e. How much tax revenue does government collect? f. What is the deadweight loss borne by society if the externality is left uncorrected?
Look at the composition of the economy by end users. How does the spending in the economy indicate the Economic System of that country? 9. Do the budget expenditures of the government give clues to the Economic System of that nation? Why or why not?
The four fundamental factors that affect the cost of money are production opportunities, time preferences for consumption, risk, and expected inflation. k. What are some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money? Some economic conditions are budgets deficits, federal reserve policies, budget surpluses, level of business activity and international trade deficits or surpluses. The international aspects are country risk and exchange rate
This generally occurs when a company has incurred more expenses than revenues during the period. The net operating loss for the company can generally be used to recover past tax payments or reduce future tax payments. The reasoning behind this is that because corporations are required to pay taxes when they earn money, they also deserve some form of tax relief when they lose money. Investopedia explains 'Net Operating Loss - NOL' If a company has a net operating loss, it can apply this tax relief in two ways: it can apply the net operating loss to its past tax payments and receive a tax credit; or it could apply the net operating loss to future income tax payments, reducing the need to make payments in future periods. The terms of the tax relief and how it can be applied varies by jurisdiction but usually the NOL can be applied to the past few years (two to three) and much more to the future (seven to 10) years.
ordinary business deduction. None of the above 3. (TCO I) Under the cash method of tax accounting, tax deductions are generally taken when: (Points : 5) the liability arises. payment is made. the expense is actually incurred.
Given the following Euro to $ Exchange rate of 1.46, what is the information contained in this quote? If the Purchasing Power Parity Theory is correct, what is true about the relationship between the US dollar and the Euro at this exchange rate? a. 3. A US multinational company is required to report its financial results in US dollars.