Class Division In “Daisy Miller”

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Henry James’ “Daisy Miller” is a narrative on the differences within the upper class. While both Fredrick Winterbourne and Daisy Miller are, by virtue of money, members of the upper class their mannerisms and breeding could not be any different. Daisy is nouveau riche; born a commoner, with no clue how to act properly. Winterbourne was born into old money and clearly knows what is appropriate. The sheer difference between Winterbourne and Daisy is evident in their opposing forms of speech; Daisy’s common vernacular, words like “ain’t,” verses Winterbourne’s more cultured phraseology. And while their dialogue is the most obvious sign of their differences there are other, subtler markers of the dissimilarity in their breeding. “She is a young lady, who has an intimacy with her mamma’s courier!” (20); Daisy is unaware that such a relationship is unseemly because, “they’ve never seen a man with such good manners, such fine clothes, so like a gentleman…” (20). This relationship with her servant shows how lost and unaware of customs she is. Daisy also, “tears about alone with her unmistakably low foreigners” (40) which shows how little taste and poise she has, she lacks the most basic ability to choose suitable companions. Winterbourne on the other hand, is rumored to be “extremely devoted to a lady who lived there [in Geneva]—a foreign lady, a person older than himself”(4). However, when this relationship is spoken of, he is not criticized for it, and it is simply said that he is “studying” (4). While both Winterbourne and Daisy make poor choices in companions; she is seen as choosing much more unwisely than he is. Winterbourne’s woman might be inappropriately older than he but she is still a member of the appropriate class. Daisy however, chooses people who are beneath her. By associating Daisy with these lower-class peoples, James reminds us of her low class roots.

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