Helping to organise the learning environment and supporting the introduction of new activities. Preparing and setting out the classroom resources and equipments as directed by the class teacher. Monitoring children’s responses to learning activities and
He was especially intrigued by how children represented thought or showed what they were thinking. Bruner argued against the prevailing notion that lack of readiness prevents young children from understanding difficult subject matter. He advocated a spiral curriculum in which children tackles challenging topics in age-appropriate ways even in the primary grades, revisiting these topics year after year and each time building and expanding on previous acquisitions. In a later book, Toward a Theory of Instruction (1966), Bruner suggested that children mentally represent events in three ways—first as physical actions (enactively), then as mental images (ironically), and eventually as language (symbolically). Through concrete manipulative and carefully designed activities, children can discover important ideas and principles on their own, first representing them enactively, then iconically, and finally symbolically.
Families, along with their children, are the program” (Menza-Gonzalez, 2009). Educators who understand child development in perspective to family and community rely on competency to organize an early childhood program which incorporates effective developmentally approved practices which incorporate family and community into the “whole child” approach. “School readiness is, of course, a concern for everybody, but professionals with a child development back-ground often come at it from a different angle than some other professionals and families by recognizing that social-emotional development is vitally tied to cognitive development” (Menza-Gonzalez, 2009). Socially, a child learns to relate to family, peers, teachers and other members of the community through a range of human emotions, interactions, and transitions over the years of development. Emotionally, children
ERIKSON’S EIGHT STAGES of MAN VS. JEAN PIAGET’S FOUR STAGE THEORY of COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Catherine Cato Wayne State University Development psychology has undertaken many changes since the beginning of the 20th century. Most early theorists influenced the field of psychology significantly. Notable theorist whose impact determines child psychology and early childhood education are Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson. This paper explores the influence of these two theorists in their study of various development stages, the differences and similarities in their theories and significance of these stages. Piaget's Theory According to Piaget, children in the earliest stages of life, from birth to 2 years, exist in a sensory-motor stage, where they learn to move and operate their bodies as well as begin to understand simple symbols.
UNIT 2 - Support learning activities 1.1 Describe how a learning support practitioner may contribute to the planning, delivery and review of learning activities. As a teaching assistant you will contribute with the teachers to planning, delivery and review of learning activities. As a teaching assistant time should be made to discuss and review pupils’ work with teachers, this can be formal or informal. Planning, teaching and evaluation follow a cycle which gives structure to the learning process. EVALUATING TEACHING - Supporting the teacher in delivering the plan with a child or group of children.
It highlights the important concepts of the theory, its chief tenets and its application during the early childhood relationships. Then, the essay goes on to examine the ways in which knowledge and understanding of the theory help social workers to promote and safeguard the welfare of children. The examination mainly focuses on how the attachment theory can help social workers in assessing, intervening, examining the causes of child abuse and how children are looked after. Theory of attachment Attachment theory is the strongest theoretical influence in modern-day studies of infant-parent relationships. John Bowlby was the first exponent of the theory.
Assess the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles One perspective that supports this is the functionalist view that secondary socialisation prepares children for work later on in life. They believe secondary socialisation does this as in a school environment you learn the norms and values of authority figures, for example, the teachers. Functionalists therefore believe that this can then later be applied in the work place as the norms and values are carried on however the authority figure role changes from teacher to boss. Generally, the text implies that primary socialisation isn’t enough in preparation for a large-scale society. Education, a secondary agency of socialisation
This is known as the cognitive development theory, as children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world. Piaget found that elementary classroom educators must plan and develop curriculum that enhances their students’ stage of growth. For example, McClenden (2011) stated that students in the Preoperational Stage should have curriculum centered on concrete physical situations because they are not yet able to conceptualize abstractly. Likewise, teachers need to expose students to a great deal of hands-on-practice and a wide range of experiences in order to build a foundation for learning and language. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of education also transmits to an elementary classroom and teaching strategies.
He believed that children needed a key worker in order to help them feel safe and secure within the setting. Bowlby also believed that it helped children build close relationships with people from a young age, so they wouldn’t have problems building these relationships when they are older. Bowlby found that children who did not have relationships with others found it hard to socialise and be comfortable around other people than children who had that close relationship, “His findings suggested that children who were at an early age, deprived of a relationship with their primary carers were more likely to have behavioural problems in later life.” (Tassoni, 2007, page
Assessment for learning should focus on how students learn The process of learning has to be in the minds of both learner and teacher when assessment is planned and when the evidence is interpreted. Learners should become as aware of the 'how' of their learning as they are of the 'what'. Assessment for learning should be recognised as central to classroom practice Much of what teachers and learners do in classrooms can be described as assessment. That is, tasks and questions prompt learners to demonstrate their knowledge, understanding and skills. What learners say and do is then observed and interpreted, and judgements are made about how learning can be improved.