Byzantium's Role in Haitian Modernism

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Melanie Schefft April 22, 2013 Byzantium’s Role in the Mosaic of Haitian Modernism: Voodoo Hides in Plain Sight While much has been discussed and written about Byzantium's influence on Western Modernism, little has been published about its tremendous symbolic impact and stylistic influence on Haitian modern art from the 1940s to the 1960s. In this thesis, I make a case for the obvious mimesis of Byzantine symbolism in Haitian Modernism and how those distinctive artistic styles are so prevalent in modern Haitian painting. I will analyze works by Haitian artists from 1944 to the 1960s, during Haiti’s most prominent modernist years, and one contemporary artist who has been successfully producing works from the 1990s to the present. In these colorful and lively Haitian images I have discovered a strong connection between their flat, linear, style, which often contain a deep, spiritual symbolism, to that of the iconography in the Byzantine paintings, mosaics, and frescoes from the years 330 to 1200 A.D. As iconography became an increasingly powerful tool for early Christianity with its creeds based on the idea of salvation, so their imperial images became important for inspiration. The early Christians in particular displayed conspicuous skill in placing monotheism within the classical tradition, and they also assimilated barbarian traditions to influence the medieval artistic expression. Byzantine images were often devoid of any background distraction, except for the bright gilding behind the subjects, and the occasional angelic symbol in a corner. The goal of those early Christian illustrations was to render a spiritual feeling of divinity rather than to portray the realistic event. They achieved this by depicting a radiant glow around their subjects, or elevating the artwork high above our heads so that the spectator has to gaze upward.
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