Classical conditioning refers to the process of learning through association. This involves an animal or a human learning to associate something new with something that naturally causes a response eventually making the new thing cause the same response itself. A key example found within psychology for the process of classical conditioning would be that of Pavlov’s dog experiment. Pavlov was initially doing experiments on dogs and salivating and noticed that when the dogs heard his footsteps, they begin to salivate involuntarily. This is due to them learning to associate the sound of Pavlov’s footstep with food.
Food at this phase is unconditioned stimulus and salivates of the dog in unconditioned response while the bell has no any effect to it. The dog stated to connect food with bell when the bell is followed by the presence of food. This was repeated frequently to make the dog to adopt the bell as the sign of getting food. Later, the dog started salivating at the bell before food presented. At this stage, the bell becomes conditioned stimulus which causes conditioned response to dog’s salivation.
Classical Conditioning Melissa Hayes July 31, 2011 The theory of classical conditioning started with Ivan Pavlov a psychologist. Pavlov studied physiology after being a priest was something he did not like. Pavlov studied the digestive system using dogs. Pavlov led a study on the canine digestive stem by utilizing data from dog’s salivation; on these studies, he unintentionally learned that particular behaviors can be conditioned (Riskind, & Manos). Pavlov learned that some people’s reactions can come from experiences they have been threw.
Stimulus and Response Items of Pavlov's Experiment Food Unconditioned Stimulus Salivation Unconditioned Response (natural, not learned) Bell Conditioned Stimulus Salivation Conditioned Response (to bell) Other Observations Made by Pavlov · Stimulus Generalization: Once the dog has learned to salivate at the sound of the bell, it will salivate at other similar sounds. · Extinction: If you stop pairing the bell with the food, salivation will eventually cease in response to the bell. · Spontaneous Recovery: Extinguished responses
It's important to note that classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the neutral stimulus with the environmental stimulus (the presentation of food), the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response. In order to understand how more about how classical conditioning works, it is important to be familiar with the basic principles of the process. The Classical Conditioning Process Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
They would learn that when they heard the bell, they would get fed. Eventually, just ringing the bell made the dogs salivate. They learned to expect food at the sound of a bell. We call the food an unconditioned stimulus, and we call salivation the unconditioned response. Nobody trains a dog to salivate over some steak.
Pavlov realised the dog was salvating because it had learned to associate the assistant with food. Food led to the response of salvation, he called this an unconditional response (not learned) . Pavlov then began to ring a bell as presenting the food. The dog then began to salvate when only the bell was rung this is called an unconditional stimulus. As food atomatically leads to the response of salivation he called this conditioned response.
Classical Conditioning Within the psychological paradigm, several types of learning exist. The most basic form is associative learning which describes the process of making new associations between events in the environment ("Index of learning theories and models," 2011). There are two forms of associative learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In behaviorism, classical conditioning was the first type of learning discovered, and so named "classical" conditioning. Ivan Pavlov made the initial discoveries through his studies of the digestive system of dogs when he became intrigued by the hungry dogs' eventual learned response to Pavlov and his assistants.
This essay will examine the importance of classical conditioning. It will also give an understanding on how classical conditioning can occur in everyday situations. Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that evaluates the process of how an individual learns in his or her environment. Behaviorists believe that the environment can contribute to an individual’s mental state and behavior (Cherry, n.d.) Classical conditioning was accidentally introduced by a Russian psychologist by the name of Ivan Pavlov in the beginning of the 20th century (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). Pavlov discovered that his dogs would salivate prior to eating during a study of their digestive systems.
After a while, he could ring the bell and their mouths would drool, because he learned to relate the bell with the food. That shows that the dog became unconscious. That also happens to the human be like me when I smell my favorite food I feel hungry. Unconditioned Stimulus Food Unconditioned Response Salivation Conditioned stimulus Bell Conditioned Response Salivation Those were the key concepts of classical conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus it’s something that is naturally and automatically and the unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.