Ap Biology Gynoecium Notes

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Biology Gynoecium: - The gynoecium (from Ancient Greek γυνή, gyne, meaning woman, and οἶκος, oikos, meaning house) is a term with several meanings in botanical usage. In reference to mosses, liverworts and hornworts,gynoecium refers to a cluster of archegonia and any associated modified leaves or stems present on agametophyte shoot. More commonly, gynoecium refers to the ovule-producing part of a flower. The gynoecium is typically the innermost whorl of structures in a flower and is surrounded (in perfect flowers) by the androecium (stamens) and (in complete flowers) by the perianth (petals and sepals). The gynoecium is often inaccurately [clarification needed] referred to as female because it gives rise to female (egg-producing) gametophytes.[1]…show more content…
Each stamen generally has a stalk called the filament (from Latin filum, meaning "thread"), and, on top of the filament, an anther (from Ancient Greek anthera, feminine of antheros "flowery," from anthos "flower"), and pollen sacs, called microsporangia. The development of the microsporangia and the contained haploid gametophytes, (called pollen grains) is closely comparable with that of the microsporangia in gymnosperms or heterosporous ferns. The pollen is set free by the opening (dehiscence) of the anther, generally by means of longitudinal slits, but sometimes by pores, as in the heath family (Ericaceae), or by valves, as in the barberry family (Berberidaceae). It is then dropped, or carried by some external agent — wind, water or some member of the animal kingdom — onto the receptive surface of the carpel of the same or another flower, which is thus pollinated. It is the part that contains the sperm…show more content…
But in some species there are many more than six present in a flower (see, for example, the spider tree flower, below). Collectively, the stamens are called an androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house). The column formed from the fusion of multiple filaments is known as an androphore. The anthers are bilocular, i.e. they have two locules. Each locule contains a microsporangium. The tissue between the locules and the cells is called the connective. In an immature, unopened flower bud, the filaments are still short. Their function is then to transport nutrients to the developing pollen. They start to lengthen once the bud

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