All living organisms depend on continuous transfers of energy; they require energy to allow certain processes in the body to occur, such as active transport, DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, homeostasis, etc. These are important so that organisms can continue to survive. In this essay, I am going to highlight the way energy is transferred, firstly from the environment to organisms, and the energy transfer between organisms. The main route by which energy enters an ecosystem is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
P4- Explain the Physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body. In this essay I am going to be explaining how energy is made in the body and two body systems that help to produce this energy. “The metabolic systems are responsible for the chemical reactions within the body. These reactions are involved in the maintenance of the living organism and may be involved in reactions that break compounds down catabolic reactions or reactions which build compounds up anabolic reactions”. (King R 2012) They all require energy to work.
Plants are the producers for an ecosystem. They photosynthesise carbon dioxide and water and produce energy in the form of carbohydrates and other molecules. Photosynthesis requires water, and plants gain water from the soil using mineral ions such as nitrate produced by the nitrifying bacteria. Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy for processes such as active transport of the nitrate ions (and others such as potassium etc) from the soil into root hair cells, a process that lowers water potential and is used to draw water into the plant from the soil. In leaves, photosynthesis involves the photolysis of water, a process that involves the attachment of two electrons to a magnesium ion in chlorophyll and the production of hydrogen ions from the breakdown of water.
Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine. The body needs lots of haemoglobin because it will combine with the gases; oxygen and carbon dioxide. The red cells carry the oxygen in the arteries and capillaries to cells of the body. One function of the blood is to transport materials within plasma and hemoglobin around the body. Plasma contains hormones, nutrients and waste substances.
The chemical produced by the digestive system that breakdown foods are called enzymes. One of the main substances required for energy and resulting from the digestion is glucose. This is stored as glycogen by the liver and is released back into the circulation as glucose when required. The pancreas produces insulin which plays a role regulating blood glucose levels. Glucose is important because it is an energy molecule that is broken down to give the cell ATP energy to use for the cell’s
It has many different components within the cardiovascular system too, the main components include the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and the blood. The heart is the key organ to the circulatory system. Its main function is to circulate oxygenated blood around the body and to deposit carbon dioxide into the lungs so it can be exhaled. The cardiovascular system works with a persons metabolism and are designed to do that in order to make sure the nutrient molecules are transported around the body to parts where they are needed. The Respiratory System The respiratory systems main function is to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
Metabolism III: Oxidative Cellular Respiration Introduction Oxidative cellular respiration is composed of series metabolic processes that convert broken down food molecules into usable energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The process follows oxidation (catabolic) and reduction (anabolic) pathways. Processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain. One step in the TCA cycle is the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of succinate to fumarate in a redox reaction. In intact cells succinate loses hydrogen ions and electrons to FAD to form fumarate.
Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body In this assignment i am going to be describing the roles of energy in the body, with examples and then will be describing the physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems in relation to providing the materials for energy metabolism to the cells. The role of energy ATP is the only type of energy the human body can use, although the body stores energy such as fat, glycogen, creatinine phosphate but they will be turned into ATP before the body can use it. There are also chemical, light, heats, sound and nuclear and these are all types of energy. We need energy to grow which builds new tissues, to repair our bodies, muscles need energy for movement; we need energy to help break food down, to send nerve impulses and to stay warm. How is energy produced?
Introduction Aerobic cellular respiration is the basis of energy for most living organisms. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the fuel utilized for life. ATP is manufactured in a series of reactions that begin in the cytoplasm of the cell where glucose by the process of glycolysis is converted to pyruvate molecules. Pyruvates are then converted through an oxidative process to create acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is transported within the cell to the mitochondrion, a specialized organelle where acetyl-CoA converts into ATP.
Fat is also store in the system as triglycerides that forms three of our good saturated fatty acids. This process is formed on the cellular level of respiration. Adenosine triphosphate is our main source of receiving energy to the body. 1. Describe how the storage of molecules is broken down and used to produce ATP.