Lab 8: Ballistic Pendulum Objective: In this lab we used three methods to measure the initial velocity of a projectile from a spring gun. In the first experiment we used kinematics alone to determine the mean initial velocity for the projectile. In the second experiment we added a simple ballistic pendulum to derive the velocity of the projectile using the principles of conservation of momentum and energy. In the third experiment we used a physical pendulum, the equations for conservation of angular momentum and energy, and the equation for the period to determine the initial velocity of the projectile. Description: In these series of experiments the apparatus we used was a spring gun that for the first experiment shot a steel ball freely which eventually struck the floor.
Theory Overview In theory, y=yo-1/2gt^2, where y equals height in the vertical direction.Time, symbolized by t, would be the amount of seconds it took an object to fall this vertical distance, and g being the gravitational force of 9.8 acting on it before it hit the ground.Time can be found more directly by using the equation=2yo/g . Y symbolizes the initial velocity in the y or vertical direction. If the ball were traveling along the x-axis or in a horizontal direction, the equation would be x=vt. In the horizontal direction, the force of gravity is not significant factor because the object is already on the ground. However, if an object were shot out of a gun for example , in a horizontal direction , then the force of gravity would directly act upon the object on its descent .
We used a vernier caliper to obtain the diameter of those two and therefore, the radius. When adding all the numbers together, we found that the true radius(r) of the orbit was 0.139 m. To find our tension, we needed to find out how much weight we needed to pull the object towards away from the spring and on the tip of the pointer as shown below. The tension needed to pull the mass on the tip of the pointer 1.05 kg. In theory the force of acceleration needed to pull the mass to same exact spot should equal the force of tension multiplied by the force due to gravity. Using Newton’s second law, F=ma, we know that the
Lastly we will explore standing waves and how string oscillations become affected by the string mass density. Theory As stated in order above, our first experiment of simple harmonic motion using an oscillating spring setup. By using a mass hanger attached to a rotary motion sensor, we are able to produce graphs and data to attempt to show the proofs for the theories and equations listed in the theory and graph section of the lab. The experiment started with adding 200g and progressively moved up to 350g for five trials. We then collected the data and analyzed the sine graph and the different portions of it and what they meant including the parameters and taking proper data.
Newton’s Second Law and the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem October 13, 2010 Abstract This experiment utilizes an air track first as an inclined plane with the slider accelerating due to gravity and second as a level surface with the slider accelerating due to the pull of an attached free-falling object of known mass. In both cases, the Work performed is calculated based on formulas for mechanical work and for kinetic energy. The two results are compared. The first part yielded an average acceleration of 0.715 m/s2 (a 1.58% error) and the average result for the Work performed was 0.0204 N*m with only a 0.9% difference. The second part suffered critical errors due to improper data and the results are not significant or useful.
The dependent variable in this investigation is the deflection of the cantilever in meters. This will be indirectly measured by measuring the initial height of the bottom of the cantilever with no mass added (which is equal to the height of the table) and the new height of the bottom of the cantilever after each trial, which will be measured with mass added. The difference between these heights is equal to the deflection of the cantilever. The material and other physical properties of the cantilever will be controlled by using the same yardstick as a cantilever for each trial. 2 of 22 The mass loaded onto the cantilever will be controlled by using the same mass for each trial.
In static equilibrium, a body is not moving. Then the acceleration is zero and from Newton's second law the net force must also be zero. A Force table is a common physics lab equipment that has three or more chains or cables attached to a center ring. The chains or cables apply forces upon the center ring in three different directions. Usually the experimenter adjusts the direction of the three forces, makes measurements of the amount of force in each direction, and determines the vector sum of three forces.
Megan Lankford 10/11/12 Physics Lab: The Ballistics Pendulum and Projectile Motion Introduction/Objective In this lab, our focus was to identify the initial velocity of a metal ball by firing it as a projectile and compare it with the velocity. Also, we had to determine the initial velocity of the ball fired into the ballistics pendulum and its relativity to the initial velocity in which the ball plus pendulum moves after firing. This lab demonstrates the principle of conservation of momentum and projectile motion and how they are relative to each other. Procedure 1 To being our experiment, we had to weigh the metal ball and pendulum to give us our mass and help us determine the before and after effects of the collision. After we had taken all of our measurements we had to decide which setting we were going to fire the ball at.
19/04/12 Physics Lab Report : determination of Terminal Velocity Maksym Panas This lab investigates the velocity of a ball bearing falling through glycerin. A small metal ball bearing was released into tube,140 cm long, containing glycerin. When released , the bearing accelerated to terminal velocity and than maintained the speed until the bottom of the tube. I decided to find the clearings terminal velocity by comparing the distance taken for t to travel through the glycerin and the time taken to do so. Research Question : What is the terminal velocity of a ball bearing in glycerin?
Physics 11 IB The Simple Pendulum Rajesh Swaminathan June 18, 2006 1 Aim To investigate the motion of a simple pendulum and to derive a value for g, the acceleration due to gravity. 2 Planning 2.1 Hypothesis By using other methods to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the value of g should be close to 9.8 m/s2. 2.2 Procedure 1. Measure, record and average a reasonable number of measurements of the period T for 6 to 8 different lengths. 2.