1. Explain how the use of substances alters a person’s state of consciousness, including depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Include in this explanation what happens to the neurotransmitters and body chemicals as well as how you might recognize if a person at work or in your family is in an altered state of consciousness due to the influence of drugs. Drugs can either enhance a particular neurotransmitter’s effect (an agonist drug) or inhibit it (an antagonist drug). Depressants act on the central nervous system to suppress or slow bodily processes and to reduce overall responsiveness.
The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey is the story of a man named Chief Bromden and his experiences on an extremely problematic ward of a mental hospital during the mid 1900’s. Early in the novel, when it becomes evident that Chief is a classified schizophrenic, it raises the question of whether or not anything in the novel is actually happening, or if all the events that unfold are just creations of his imagination. There are a large number of events that took place in the novel that are clearly hallucinations, but there are also things that happen that could have actually happened outside of Chief’s mind. One instance early in the novel in which Chief Bromden shows his mental hallucinations is when he refers to the fog machines in the ward. The appearance of fog throughout the novel is associated with Chief’s fear of the Nurse Ratched and the orderlies.
Even though Freud concept is of personality as having “three aspects which work together to produce our complex behaviors: the Id, the Ego, and the Superego.” He argues that as individuals that we need these aspects of the self in order to be mentally stable human beings. Freud believes that the “id is only concerned with pleasing itself.” In David Lynch‘s Blue Velvet the director allows the character of Frank Booth to represent the “id” in his adult life in a scene with Dorothy Vallens (Isabella Rossellini). In the movie Frank Booth participates in having bizarre sex with Dorothy. We believe that he is inhaling gas though a gas mask, humping upon Dorothy, at the same time yelling and calling her “Mommy”. He also cries out, “Don’t look at me”.
They included motion sickness, abdominal complaints, gustatory hallucinations, as well as visual illusions and hallucinations” (Blanke and Landis 191). This supports TLE because recurring abdominal complaints are a main characteristic of TLE. After that they say “De Chirico’s abdominal complaints were accompanied by unpleasant gustatory hallucinations, anxiety and fear” (Blanke and Landis 192). These symptoms are also common in TLE patients. The Article describes how De Chirico experienced enchanting and terrifying hallucinations.
Symptoms of anxiety disorders include feelings of anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, breathing difficulty, and difficulty sleeping. The five classes of anxiety disorders are generalized, phobic, panic, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress. Theories behind anxiety disorders generally focus on the amygdala, prefrontal lobes, and cognitive factors; however, there is not consistent data that correlates brain damage to causes of anxiety. The two categories of drugs used in the treatment of anxiety disorders are benzodiazepines and serotonin agonists. Benzodiazepines are believed to mediated by their agonistic action on GABAA receptors.
This is where you inherit a mental illness from your parents because it has been passed down through your genes which are similar to physical illnesses like diabetes or heart disease. However unlike the infection theory studies have been done with twins, if one has a mental illness the other twin has a 50% chance of developing one as well. However this is also unreliable because you cannot extrapolate that the illness has been passed down through genes it may just run in the family. The next aspect, neurochemicals suggests that a change in chemicals in the brain has caused a mental disorder. Abnormal functioning of the brain can be caused by abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and hormones.
2012. The author states personal opinion about human testing. He also talks about past experiments and how crazy they were. He discusses the difference between experimenting on oneself as opposed to multiple human experiments. "ACCREDITING BODY FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH NEARS REALITY."
When someone losses their ability to identify there self with their body they are experiencing an ASC. (Carroll,1) Sometimes these altered states can be done willing, or by instigating it through the use of things like trauma, sleep disturbances, sensory deprivation or sensory overload, neurochemical imbalance, epileptic seizure, or fever(carroll,1). They can also happen because of social behavior such as frenzied dancing or chanting (Carroll,1). They can also happen by electrically stimulating the brain or by taking drugs
From neuroscience perspective, cocaine, Xanax, and marijuana that are identified in Houston’s body attribute to imbalance of neurotransmitters, causing depression, which results in Whitney Houston’s committed suicide. To begin with, cocaine is a stimulant that can produce a rush of euphoria and lead to lack of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. To understand how the imbalance comes, we should consider how neurotransmitters work in the brain. There is a junction called synapse between the axon and the dendrite, and neurotransmitters enable neural information to across the synapse to achieve neural communication. After the neurotransmitters stimulate the receptors on the receiving neuron, excess chemicals are taking back up into the sending neuron to be used again (lecture).
Transnational War on Drugs Kenyetta McClelland English 122 English Composition Aimee Garten 11/5/2012 Transnational War on Drugs Since 1914 there has been a dilemma with alcohol and drugs being manufactured, sold, and transported under laws that prohibited these. Drugs are chemicals designed to affect the human body. Some use drugs for sickness, recreational and spiritual reasons, and addictions. Drugs such as Hallucinogens change the way you see hear or feel, stimulants speed up the nervous system while depressants slow it down , and anti- psychotic drugs balance moods and stop hallucinogens. These drugs are affecting people lives in a major ways because they are being abused and misused people become addicted and dependent on drugs.