Foundations of Psychology PSY/ 300 9/15/2014 In today’s society, there are many foundations of psychology. The major schools of psychology are Functionalism, structuralism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic, and cognitive Psychology. In this paper, I will examine the many different factors that help play crucial roles in the lives of human beings through culture and biology. The first known school of thought in psychology is structuralism. According to our text, psychology sixth addition Titchener (1867-1927) describes structuralism as an attempt to use introspection as a method for uncovering the basin elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas (Kawaiski
Lifespan Development Reflective Paper Capella University Reflective Paper According to Boyd & Bee (2006), lifespan development is the scientific study of age-related changes which occur throughout individuals’ lives which influence behavior, thinking, emotion and personality. Lifespan development or human development involves every stage of life from conception to death. Some events in life, such as achieving sexual maturity, are mostly governed by heredity. Others such as learning to swim, or use a computer, are primarily a matter of environment. Prior to analyzing human development through the scientific study, philosophers offered theories to explain age related differences observed in individuals of different ages.
Unlike the Big Five, this theory founded by Hans Eysenck establishes three dimensions: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Extroversion is the first concept in Eysenck personality approach and it refers to an individual’s sociability and insolence. The second concept is neuroticism and refers to an individual’s stability emotionally and uneasiness. Psychoticism is the final concept in Eysenck personality theories and it refers to an individual’s inclination towards psychopathology, involving impulsiveness and meanness. “Eysenck’s approach is one of the few to endeavor to take into account the biological bases of personality, personality theory, and evidence arising from rigorous empirical and statistical analyses of traits” (Friedman & Schustack, 2009, p. 277).
Personality disorders (borderline personality disorder, anti-social personality disorder, OCD, etc.) h. Borderline personality disorder is instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and marked impulsivity. Symptoms involve avoidance of abandonment, suicidal/self-mutilating behavior, paranoia, etc. Causes include biological theories, environmental factors, and biosocial views. 23.
Freud). He said personality could only be understood from an individual’s own viewpoint based on his or her own experiences. His main point of his personality theory was that our goal was self-actualization, which is an innate tendency toward growth and development. He believed this began in the womb and continued throughout puberty. Rogers’s governing process throughout the lifespan was defined as the organismic valuing process.
WORKSHEET Jenna Lee PSY/211 JULY 21, 2014 KATHRYN GARCIA WORKSHEET I. The three major psychological perspectives are Cognitive, Behavioral and Psychodynamic. Cognitive perspective describes the how the human body is controlled by an individual's thought process. It believes the human body is mediated by the thought process like memory or attention, belief systems and others. Behavioral perspectives describes the way one reacts to life and learns from the different experiences throughout.
Both remain similar in that social and environmental experiences are the main factors of personality development, and not as much on biological factors like Freud suggested. Psychoanalytic social theory focuses on childhood experiences, while interpersonal theory focuses on developmental stages throughout a lifetime. There is an essence of free will that resides behind both theories, and personal behavior can be changed and modified through self realization and understanding. References Feist, J., & Feist, G.J. (2009).
Many of those factors are either biological or environmental. Biological factors are the traits and characteristics people are born with. The environment an individual grows up in helps to shape his or her personality. Freud believes that the unconscious affects an individual’s personality. The unconscious is storage for an individual’s instincts and drives that he or she is not aware of (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 24).
Personality Assessment and Theories Cynthia Harding BEH/225 September 29, 2012 Serena Watts-Kumar, Instructor Personality Assessment and Theories “Personality refers to an individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations” (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p.359). There are four theories that explain different approaches to personality assessment. The four approaches are psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, and social learning. Personality is measured by psychologist with an assessment using four basic tools: personal interview, the objective tests, projective test, and direct observation of behavior. The different theories use different methods for assessing the personality.
It is a consciousness that is emergent from but irreducible to the individual consciousness which comprise it”. (Tole, 2007) Inherent in this society is morality that is essential for its overall functionality. In his opinion, Durkheim views morality as a tool that functions to achieve social order and solidarity in any society. “Morality is the controlling force of society” (Marske, 1987) Every individual functions at an important level due to the relationship between individuals in the society or the