William Edward Burghardt Du Bois

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William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, born February 23, 1868, was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor. Du Bois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. A descendant of African American, French, and Dutch ancestors, he demonstrated his intellectual gifts at an early age. He graduated from high school at age 16 as valedictorian and the only black in his graduating class of 12. He was orphaned shortly after his graduation and was forced to fund his own college education. He won a scholarship to Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, where he excelled and saw for the first time the plight of Southern blacks ("W.E.B. Du Bois Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story,” 2012). Du Bois grew…show more content…
His daily routine was to rise at 7:15, work until 5, eat dinner and read a newspaper until 7, then read or socialize until he was in bed, before 10. He was a meticulous planner and frequently mapped out his schedules and goals on large pieces of graph paper. Many of his acquaintances found him to be distant and aloof, and he insisted on being addressed as "Dr. Du Bois". His closest friend was Joel Spingarn, a white man, but Du Bois never accepted Spingarn's offer to be on a first name basis. Du Bois was dandy. He dressed formally, carried a walking stick, and walked with an air of confidence and dignity. He was relatively short, 5' 5½", and always maintained a well-groomed mustache and goatee. He was a good singer and enjoyed playing tennis. Du Bois was married twice, first to Nina Gomer, with whom he had two children, a son Burghardt (who died as an infant) and a daughter Yolande. As a widower, he married Shirley Graham, an author, playwright, composer, and activist. She brought her son David Graham to the marriage. David grew close to Du Bois and took his stepfather's name (McKissack,…show more content…
citizens (McKissack, 1990). With The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois began to challenge the leadership of Booker T. Washington, a fellow educator who was then the most influential and admired black in the United States. Du Bois objected to Washington's strategy of accommodation and compromise with whites in both politics and education. Du Bois perceived this strategy as accepting the denial of black citizenship rights. He also criticized Washington's emphasis on the importance of industrial education for blacks, which Du Bois felt came at the expense of higher education in the arts and

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