Muhammad created a controlled community that was inspired by his teachings. The Muslims had conquered all of the Arabian Peninsula and by the time of Muhammad’s death he had unified most of Arabia under Islam. Islam spread from central Asia to Spain, where Muslims established the Islamic Empire and created a new distinctive Islamic civilization. Islam’s expansion and conquering of the Byzantine Empire greatly influenced and transformed both Byzantium and the West. The common religion of the Byzantine Empire converted from Orthodox Christianity to the Islamic religion under Muslim control.
Launched by pope urban, with the primary goal of responding to an appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Komnenos, the first crusade was a military expedition by western Christianity to regain the holy lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem. Pope urban thought that it would be a good idea to get all men from the Christian world to travel to the east the fight the Turks. This would have helped Alexius, but Pope Urban actually really wanted, was to win back the holy city of Jerusalem from the Muslims. He made an
Occurring predominantly in Europe and the Middle East, the Crusades began in 1095 and officially ended in 1291 (History.com staff, 2010). This being said, the causes can be traced back to 1081 when Alexius Comnenus gained the Byzantine throne, becoming Emperor Alexius I, after years of chaos and invasions by the Seljuk Turks (History.com staff, 2010). In due time Emperor Alexius would begin to set his sights on reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims. Seeing that this task would require more than the Byzantine’s men, he reached out to Pope Urban II of the Roman Catholic Church asking him for troops (History.com staff, 2010). The Pope made his decision public at the 1095 Council of Clermont in Southern France where he raised the proposal for all able Western Christians to raise arms to aid the Byzantines.
Three of the major artists were, Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Andrea Palladio. Bramante was an architect and painter and was known as the chief architect in Rome. He expanded on the 15th century idea of self-awareness, which he transformed into a perception of one's position in a complex by response to mass and volume (Donato Bramante, 2011). During this era, Bramante designed many works that labeled him an artist of the High Renaissance. One of his most beautiful pieces of architecture, Tempietto is Italian for small temple.
History essay Celia Mellem. In this essay i will discuss high gothic cathedrals, and how the improved architectural techniques during this period led to clerestory windows and tracery. A clerestory are “ any high windows above eye level, is historically seen in gothic and romanesque churches. The purpose is to bring in outside light and fresh air into the inner space”. The oldest examples of clerestories can be found in the temples of Ancient Egypt.
Its influence is also found in many other places. The greatest influence of the Pantheon, however, occurred during the later European revivals of antiquity: at the Romanesque Baptistery in Florence; in Michelangelo’s project for St. Peter’s in Rome; in countless creations by Palladio and his followers; and numerous Baroque and Neoclassical buildings, down to Thomas Jefferson’s University of Virginia campus, and beyond. (Robertson 142). Erected by Emperor Hadrian between 118 and 128 A.D., it was built on the site of an earlier Pantheon, which was erected by Agrippa (Smith 139). According to Leland Roth, “Since the Romans imagined the earth as a disk covered by a heavenly dome, the new building undertaken by Hadrian was to symbolize that universe of earth and the gods.
Constantine was the Emperor who reunited the Empire into one. He was the one who transferred the capital city from Rome to Constantinople. He also made Christianity the main religion of
The period before the arrival of the Turks was the time of the greatest flourishing of the Serbian Church. After the final Turkish conquest of the most influental Serbian principality in 1459, the greater portion of Serbian lands became a Turkish pasalik (province). After the death of Patriarch Arsenios II in 1463 a successor was not elected. The Patriarchate was thus de facto abolished, and the Serbian Church passed under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The Serbian Patriarchate was restored in 1557 by the Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
He revived the state religion and rebuilt many temples. Augustus organized the police and fire departments of Rome and appointed a supervisor for the grain supply. Augustus boast was that he had found Rome brick and had left it marble. During his forty-one years of his administration he brought order out of chaos. He restored confidence in the government, replenished the treasury, and introduced an efficient public works department, and promoted peace and prosperity.
The Medieval Gothic Cathedral The medieval Gothic cathedral was in many ways a civic building as well as a religious one. This particularly was the case with the famous cathedral Notre-Dame de Chartres. Chartres cathedral was planned not only as a place of worship, but also developed as the center of the town's economy and way of life, as the place that housed the relic of the cloak of the Virgin Mary. The local citizens assisted the building of the cathedral by providing the labor, giving food to the workers and donating money to pay for its construction. The architecture of the cathedral dominated the town in the way that modern skyscrapers are the center civic buildings today.