“The medulla is further divided into numerous sections called the medullary pyramids.”This region is known as the pelvis of the kidney. The medullary pyramids have urine dripping into the pelvis. The branches of the emerging arterioles of the renal artery usually go along the border found between the medulla and cortex. The smaller branches given off at right angles provided million or more of nephrons into the cortex of the kidney. Structure and function of nephrons/kidney tubules “Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.” The nephron consists of a tubule closed at one end, the other and opening into a collecting tubule.
Cardiovascular system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout our body and removal of metabolic wastes such as (carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes). Protections of the human body by while blood cells, antibodies and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend our body against foreign microbes and toxic. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the human body from blood loss after injuries. Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH and water content of
Produces essential proteins and clotting factors for the blood and regulates metabolism and cholesterol. Gall Bladder – Stores bile secreted by liver. Bile is used to help dissolve fats in the small intestine. Pancreas – Functions both as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes carried to the duodenum.
e. Determine the direction of blood and lymph movement between arterioles, blood and lymph capillaries, and venules. Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins. Fluid that leaks out of the capillaries becomes interstitial fluid and is drained as lymph via the lymphatic circulation. Lymph flows from the interstitial tissue to lymphatic capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels to lymphatic ducts and ultimately into veins. f. Describe the lymphatic system role with regard to lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.
The main functions of the blood are to transport, defence, regulation and clotting. The oxygen is carried from the lungs to the cells of the body in red blood cells. Carbon dioxide is carried from the body’s cells to the lungs. Cellular waste such as water, carbon dioxide, lactic acid and urea are carried in the blood to be excreted. Hormones, internal secretions that help to control important body processes are also transported by blood to target organs.
Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine. The body needs lots of haemoglobin because it will combine with the gases; oxygen and carbon dioxide. The red cells carry the oxygen in the arteries and capillaries to cells of the body. One function of the blood is to transport materials within plasma and hemoglobin around the body. Plasma contains hormones, nutrients and waste substances.
Secretes pancreatic juice, insulin, glucagon, duodenum, and somatostatin into the bloodstream. Regulates blood sugar and completes the breakdown of protein, carbohydrates and fats 17. Responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucous blanket by synthesizing and secreting glycoproteins known as mucins. 18. Stores and concentrates bile 19.
The heart is the pump that pushes the blood around the body. It is about the size of a clenched fist and sits in the centre of your chest behind your rib cage and sternum. The heart is surrounded by a number of vessels that carry blood either towards the heart or away from the heart. The blood carried by the vessel can either
Peristalsis is a) a wave of distension b) a wave of contraction c) voluntary muscular activity d) recoil following distension 20. The term 'pica' means a) extreme weight loss b) abnormal, depraved appetite c) excessive straining to pass faeces or urine d) rapid involuntary movements of the eyeball 14. Which of the following is a function of the kidney? a) production of urea b) storage of glycogen c) assimilation of protein d) production of erythropoietin 21. Absorption of nutrients occurs mainly from the a) liver b) colon c) stomach d) small intestine 15.
What does the portal vein drain? It drains blood from the pancreas, spleen and digestive organs and delivers it to the liver. 18. What is the function of the dorsalis pedis artery? It functions to carry oxygenated blood from the dorsal surface of the foot.