Bruner ( 1974) developed a social constructivist model of development in which the child is actively engaged in meaning making through their interactions with people and the environment. Bruner developed the term Language Activating Support System (LASS) to describe the socialising process that drives children towards language learning. In this model Bruner considered the practitioner-child relationship to be a critical factor in language development. Bruner ( 1974) believed that individuals only reach their full potential through social and cultural interactions. These interactions allow individuals to make sense of the world, shaping ideas and beliefs and providing the opportunity to use language to express thoughts.
1. Explain the adaptive value of rough-and-tumble play and dominance hierarchies. 2. Cite examples of how language awareness fosters school-age children’s language progress 3. List some teaching practices that foster children’s achievement and some that undermine it.
Shereatta Willis Kaplan University PS220 Unit 9 Assignment Early childhood development is defined as ,a set of concepts, principles, and facts that explain, describe and account for the processes involved in change from immature to mature status and functioning (Bukatko, 2008),development is also generally divided into three broad categories, physical development, cognitive development, and social emotional development. Physical development addresses any change in the body, including how children grow, how they move, and how they perceive their environment. Cognitive development pertains to the mental processes like, language, memory, and problem solving, that children use to acquire and use knowledge. Emotional and social development addresses how children handle relationships with others, as well as understand of their own feelings. Physical development in children follows a directional pattern, large muscles develop before small muscles, legs and arms develop before those in the fingers and hands, and children learn how to perform gross ,or large motor skills such as walking before they learn to perform fine ,or small, motor skills such as drawing.
Wilkinson states that these assessment aspects arose from an ‘interaction between our perceptions of the written materials, teachers’ judgements and theoretical considerations’ (Wilkinson, A., Barnsley, G. P., Hanna, P., & Swan, M., 1980). It is here that Wilkinson’s model of children’s development in writing is particularly helpful as it shows that the child has developed their quality of thought in a cognitive capacity; the child shows an awareness of the world and an ability to describe, interpret, generalise and speculate on it (Winch et al, 2010). Other ways that teachers may help children to expand on their development are through the use of VELS speaking and listening standards. Where students are given opportunities to use spoken language appropriately in a variety of classroom contexts, ask and answer simple questions for information and clarification and to produce brief spoken texts that deal with familiar ideas and information (VCAA, 2006). The ability of a child to draw on cognitive thought and view the world around them relates to the Piagetian Theory of child development.
Considering the work of key pioneers and current experts with links to child development theory. There are many theories about how children learn and develop. This area of study is called developmental psychology which covers subjects such as cognitive, language and emotional development. The research methods are based heavily on the on going assessments carried out by observing children over a period of time. Assessment is part of the process of understanding what children know, understand and can do so that future teaching steps can be appropriately planned.
Within pracitce Effective practitioners have a duty to value each child's indivudial needs and likes.children have to experience something before they get a true understanding of what it is like. Example. For the setting to be effective, practitioners must challenge and support children's philosophies of their doings, practitioners muct get involved in the childs thinking process. The practitioner can then be attentive of what the child shows an interest in andhave knowledge of whast the child understands. This can support the children's thinking and extend their learning.
Another main controversy is with Piaget’s broad grouping of the stages affecting cognitive tasks. A more accurate depiction of children’s development would be to state that “children’s skills develop in different ways on different tasks and that their experience can have a strong influence on the pace of development” (Slavin, 2009,
Through their play children practise and consolidate their learning, play with ideas, experiment, take risks, solve problems, and make decisions… First-hand experiences allow children to develop an understanding of themselves and the world in which they live. Practical ideas The role of the adult in child-initiated learning is to: Organise the physical environment so children have access to a wide range of interesting open-ended resources to explore and investigate imaginatively Develop an emotional
Task 2 Communication and Professional relationships with children, young people and adults in an educational environment is an important part of a professional relationship. * Describe how communication with children and young people differs across different age ranges and stages of development Children’s cognitive, emotional, physical and social skills develop as they go through life. As they grow and mature, their needs, abilities, interests and challenges change. Younger children may be able to comprehend through very simple language and concrete images, older children are able to process more complicated linguistic and visual expressions. Various psychological theories on human development are based on the concept of “stage”.
The major areas of development include biological, cognitive and social and emotional development. Both of these psychologists were concerned with the study of understanding the area of cognitive development specifically in children and were considered to be constructivists. Constructivism is the theory in which “learners actively construct their own knowledge based upon the things they know now and have known in the past” (TFL resources, 2006). This essay will seek to compare and contrast the theories of psychologists Piaget and Vygotsky and will critically look at their theories to judge which aspects are appropriate for the long term. Jean Piaget focused his research on studying children and observing their thought processes.