With countries having their own set of laws some different in every country and to their cultures. Some have the death penalty and some have fines, it just depends on what went on in the situation. The Code of Hammurabi was the first known set of laws in 1780 BC and the second known set of laws were the Roman Twelve Tables in 450 BC. These laws were created in the Mesopotamian era, and they were most successful. These laws are what we have used to create the laws today, without having the Code of Hammurabi and The Roman Twelve Tables; the rules today could have been completely different.
Criminal Law Foundations Evaluation If laws were not in place, individuals could not hold onto their individual properties. Social life would be impossible without laws to help control the way people behave, think and treat each other while in public and private locations. Criminal laws were designed to reflect the accepted behavior in a community, such as morals and the criminal act itself, or Mens Rea and Actus Reus. Thus when people break the law and are caught, the accused are provided certain constitutional rights. Criminal law consists of bodies of regulations and rules that will specify and define the punishments for the wrong committed against society or the state.
The punishment for most violations was death. These laws also stated that it was the states job to punish the offender not private citizens Law of the Twelve Tables was originally only 10 laws but later 2 more statutes were added. These laws are considered the basis of modern public and private law. They instituted the fact that all trials would be held in public and helped to protect the lower class from the wrong doings of the upper class. Justinian Code was developed by the king of the Byzantine Empire.
In 240 BC, Archimedes of Syracuse concluded his study of π with 223/71<π<22/7. He knew the exact value of π was not 22/7 but the average showed π = 3.1418. Archimedes had found the most accurate value of π at that time and it was used exclusively until around 480 AD when Tsu Chung-Chih of China approximated π at 355/113. During the dark ages of Europe, around 515 AD, Aryabhata of Persia approximated π to 3 decimal places. A mathematician from Baghdad, Alkhwarizimi, worked with π but it was Al-Khashi from Samarkand in 1430 AD that approximated π to 16 decimal places.
Terentilius Arsa proposed that 5 men would be appointed to create a set of laws that would prevent the magistrates from applying the law arbitrarily. The Patricians did not agree with this, they did agree to have a group of 10 patricians that would create the laws. In 450 B.C the Roman’s created a code of law for the new Republic of Rome. The codes of law for the ancient Roman’s were compiled together into the 12 tables. These 12 tables decreed laws and punishments.
Although, some laws are brutal, they are necessary to keep order in the community and crime at a low. An example to represent a fair law in the code of Hammurabi is, “If he has broken the limb of a patrician, his limb shall be broken.” To put the quote in simpler terms, it states, “If you break a man’s limb he’ll break yours.” This is a fairly honorable law. If a person breaks someone’s arm they should expect a consequence and this is not exceptionally crude. A law such as this one is created to keep balance, peace, and reduce violence. Even though this may seem strict to some; the victim who endured the limb breaking would have to disagree.
For each crime incident coming to the attention of law enforcement, a variety of data are collected about the incident. These data include the nature and types of specific offenses in the incident, characteristics of the victim and offender (NACJD, 2013). The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), this is when law enforcement agencies collect detailed incident level data regarding individuals offenses and arrest, then submit them using prescribed data elements and data values(FBI, 2013). Uniform Crime Report (UCR), this program provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of crime information by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (FBI, 2013). In some cases, self-report studies have been
Members of the victim’s family settled murders. The male member of the family would then go and kill the person who committed the murder. This often began endless blood feuds. It was not until the middle of the seventh century BC that the Greeks first began to establish official laws. Around 620 BC Draco wrote the first known written law of Ancient Greece.
508, 2008) There are three areas in crime analysis that will help our police force in the future. Tactical crime analysis is one in which involves the ability to be able to identify specific areas that are to be crime problem areas. (Grant and Terry, pp. 509, 2008) The main goal of a tactical analysis is to be able to provide the police officers with information in a more timely manner that will also allow them to respond to crimes that are taking place in the present. (Grant and Terry, pp.
A perfect example of this is in a 2009 amendment to the Ohio constitution covering the topic of casino’s in the state. The amendments purpose was to allow the building of four casino’s in the state where gambling had previously been illegal. The amendment “took article XV, section 6 from 125 words to 2,533 words. As a result, section 6 became flooded with a nearly 1,000-word definition section, which in less than a year became a straightjacket for the state” wrote Robert Hern, a Cincinnati lawyer and graduate from Cleveland-Marshall College of