Achondroplasia can be diagnosed by X-ray findings in most affected individuals. Some individuals who are too young to make a diagnosis with certainty or some who don’t have the symptoms of achondroplasia, genetic testing can be used to identify the mutation in the FGFR3 gene. If a child has already been born then the best genetic testing for achondroplasia would be a physical examination and an x-ray to see the skeletal structure of the baby. This genetic testing is done through a blood analysis. Testing parents for achondroplasia is done by an ultrasound.
The deletion of genes on chromosome 22q11.2 can cause severe phenotypic defects. CATCH 22 is an acronym used to describe the defects associated with 22q11.2 deletion. CATCH stands for Cardiac anomalies, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, Cleft palate, and Hypocalcemia. Congenital heart
There was also an increase for DZ twins as they discovered that if one twin had schizophrenia the likelihood of their twin developing the illness was as high as 9%. Kety et al conducted an adoption study to separate the effects of genes and environment. They looked at 5483 Danish children and found that 32% of adoptees separated from a schizophrenic biological parent developed the disorder compared to 18% of the control group. Nevertheless, some argue that neurochemicals cause schizophrenia as Snyder’s Dopamine Hypothesis states that an excess of the neurotransmitter dopamine is responsible for the symptoms. However, others suggest that the illness is a result of neuroanatomical factors as Torrey found that the ventricles of sufferers are 15% larger than those of non-sufferers.
Describe two or more biological explanations of OCD (9 marks) The biological approach works on the assumption that abnormality is caused by dysfunctional biological processes and that it is these factors mean that an illness is more likely to occur in certain people. One explanation for OCD focuses on the role of genetics which argues that people are born with a pre disposition to have OCD. Evidence on genetics and OCD has involved using twin studies and first degree relatives. It has been found that those who have a first degree relative with OCD, such as parent of sibling, are 5 times more likely to have OCD themselves. This suggests that certain genetic factors may lead to abnormal functioning of areas of the brain causing illnesses such as OCD.
Families first work together with the school to give a child the best possible start in life, If a child is referred to families First then they gather information from all other agencies to make an individual assessments for a child or young person’s needs. Families First can offer support and advise for : * Parenting (help and advice for parents) * Home management * Anger management/challenging behaviour * Wishes, feelings and self esteem * School attendance * The move from primary school to secondary school (some children find it very hard to deal with transitions.) * Healthy relationships (help promote this) * Anti-social behaviour and
The Prenatal Environment and its impact on Child Psychopathology Dawn Jackson CCPX 5034 Child Psychopathology October 24, 2012 Abstract For centuries, psychologists have been trying to determine the various causes of mental illness in children. Research has demonstrated that there are several factors that contribute to psychological problems in children and introduce theories that range from environmental and social risk factors to health and emotional risk factors. Research has also shown that the prenatal environment has a strong correlation to mental illness in children. In this essay, the author will elaborate on this theory and highlight the specifics of prenatal stress and the mental impact on the offspring. Barker’s (1995) hypothesis of fetal programming has pioneered the research in the field of fetal origins of disease at adult age.
Disorders may be a result of exposure to viruses in the womb. Torrey found that mothers of many schizophrenics had influenza during pregnancy. The virus may enter the child’s brain, where it lays dormant until puberty, when hormones activate it leading to Schizophrenia. Genes control levels of biochemicals in the brain. Different
They also learn that if they change their diet they could do better at school and work. Diet changes include: eating less sugar, drinking skin milk, not drinking soda, etc. When the child is growing up he/she will struggle with paying attention in school. As they grow and mature they will learn that if they are just determined to fight this disorder they can overcome it and work as a normal person in what they do. It is for these reasons that ADHD is found mainly in children and goes away as the child grows, learns and matures into adulthood.
TO FIND THE PREVELENCE OFSICKLE CELL ANEMIA IN SWAT VALLEY (adil baig) INTRODUCTION Sickle cell anemia is a disease caused by an autosomal recessive genetic mutation in the formation of hemoglobin. Individuals who are affected with sickle cell anemia have two copies of the mutation Hb SS and the primary hemoglobin present in their erythrocytes is sickle hemoglobin (Koch et al., 2000). The symptoms of sickle cell anemia do not follow a general pattern and can vary in each individual. All the different conditions and symptoms documented stem from the central fact that the sickle-shaped erythrocytes tend to get stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood (Bownas, 2002). Symptoms of sickle cell anemia are wide-ranging, affecting many different organs of the body.
The risk of autism relates to several prenatal risk factors, which includes advanced age in parents, bleeding, diabetes, and use of psychiatric medication in the mother during pregnancy. Autistic children need to improve the functional communication, control tantrum, and regulate odd behavior. However, they support from the government, nonprofit organizations, and families.