Beginning with this triplet code on the DNA, describe the effect that this change would have on the following: a. The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene. b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed. c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above.
Messenger RNA Seeks Steady Work Ad #1133 Student answers will vary but should include that RNA is transcribed when lactose is present. It is then that the repressor is released from the operator and no longer blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter. This allows transcription to begin.
And that is about the only similarity they share. DNA contains the nucleotide T whereas RNA contains U. RNA copies the genetic information found within DNA and uses it to assemble protein, as well as ribosomes. Therefore, RNA is a critical part in protein synthesis. It is directly involved in it, but DNA is indirectly involved in this process. Ribose sugar is more reactive since of its C-OH (hydroxyl) bonds.
The first step in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus. The other types of RNA have been synthesized using the DNA. The RNAs migrate from the nucleus into cytoplasm. The second step of protein synthesis is actually initiated by the AUG codon on mRNA. The AUG codon signals both the interaction of the ribosome with mRNA and also the tRNA with the anticodons UAC.
DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins, However, a gene does not build a protein directly, instead it dispatches instructions in the form of RNA, which then programs protein synthesis. This molecular chain of command is from DNA in the nucleus then to RNA then to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The two main stages are transcription and translation, transcription is the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule, translation is the transfer of the information from RNA into a protein. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. Information will always start with DNA then it will travel to the RNA and then the protein.
All of the following statements correctly describe M-Cdk, EXCEPT: A. M-Cdk causes the cell to enter S phase and begin DNA replication. B. M-Cdk has two subunits, a protein kinase and a cyclin-type protein. C. M-Cdk only becomes active during M-phase. D. M-Cdk triggers many events by phosphorylating other proteins. 7.
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei used mRNA made up of repeating uracil nucleotides in a cell free extract. They obtained amino acid chains consisting of phenylalanine. What did they learn when they asked the question, ”What happens when mRNA made up of only cytosine, alanine, and guanine are placed in a cell free extract?” 10. Explain how the structure of tRNA helps it to deliver the correct amino acid to the corresponding mRNA codon at the ribosome. Sketch the structure of a tRNA molecule, making sure to label the amino acid and the
Genetically inherited traits depend upon genes found in DNA (de-oxy ribose nucleic acid), the fundamental molecule of chromosomes. DNA carries the information that determines what physical and genetic characteristics can be found in organisms. It does not dictate all of an individual's characteristics, because many aspects of most species are shaped features of the environment in which they live. DNA codes for mRNA which binds with a molecule of transfer RNA in the ribosomes, this tRNA carries a corresponding amino acid, which is coded for by the mRNA. When the MRNA and tRNA bind the amino acid is deposited and binds with an adjacent amino acid forming a polypeptide chain and eventually (after modification by other organelles) forms a protein codes for proteins.
Test your knowledge Match the correct functions For each of the enzymes in questions, 1-5, choose an answer (a-e) that most closely describes the functions of the enzymes Question 1 helicase Question 2 DNA polymerase 1 Question 3 ligase Question 4 DNA polymerase 111 Question 5 RNA polymerase Answers (a) removes the RNA primers during replication (b) performs transcription (c) unwinds DNA for DNA replication (d) adds nucleotides during DNA replication (e) forms phosphodiester bonds between Okazaki fragments Question 6 Which of the following are the nucleotides found in RNA (a) A, C, G, T (b) A, C, G, U (c) T, C, G, U (d) A, T, G, U (e) U, C, T, A
hromosomes and chromatids occur as rod or thread-shaped structures in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes usually have only a single circular chromosome (in the webseries we will not focus on this group). The name chromosome (from the Greek chroma = color and soma = body) originates from the fact that chromosomes can be observed as stainable bodies in a light microscope during cell division. Chromosomes and chromatids contain chromatin, which mainly consists of extremely long stands of DNA material (Deoxyribonucleic acid) that functions as carrier of genes and regulatory elements. Besides, chromatin contains Histones (chromosome proteins) and other proteins involved in the packaging of the DNA strands during condensation at cell division (see figure E here below) and small quantities of RNA.