_________________________________________________ What does the Genetic Analyzer do? ____________________________________________________________ Follow the steps to process the DNA sample. Click Begin Analysis and follow the steps. Which DNA profile matched the sample? ________ Complete the Exit Exam.
nd th Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code. 2 d. translate the questions about to find the correct amino acids 5 rd The answer to themRNA codons protein synthesis below the amino acids. 3 Translate the mRNA codons and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Table 4th Write Example #1 in the amino acid and the correct anti-codon the tRNA molecule. to G T A G C synthesis below amino 5th The answerG the questions about protein T A A Cthe C Tacids. A T T 1.
Describe each process (including differences between bacteria and eukaryotes) and explain the significance of the differences between replication and transcription When first going through DNA replication, the two strands of double helix unwind. Each strand is an outline for the formation of a new, complementary strand. DNA helicase enzymes hang along the DNA molecule, opening the double helix as they move. Once the strands are separated, helix-destabilizing proteins bind to single DNA strands, preventing re-formation of the double helix until the strands are copied. Enzymes called topoisomerases produce breaks in the DNA molecules and then reconnect the strands, relieving strain and effectively preventing tangling and knotting during replication.
This is the restriction enzyme and acts as “molecular scissors” cuts the two DNA chains at a specific area in the genome so that sections of DNA can be supplemented or detached. A piece of RNA known as guide RNA is the second key molecule. This consists of pre-designed RNA quite small in length sequence, consisting of about 20 bases, positioned within a longer RNA scaffold. The scaffold binds to DNA and the pre-designed sequence ‘guides’ Cas9 to the right part of the genome. ensuring that the Cas9 enzyme intersects at the right point in the genome.
Replication Fork In the DNA double helix Topolisomerase relieves the tension. When Helicase breaks down the hydrogen bonds replication begins. Replication can take place in 2 directions because of the replication bubble. The enzyme Primase synthesizes the RNA primers. There has to be primers to start the synthesis at the 3’ end of the new strands.
* Question 1 0.5 out of 0.5 points | | | When a tRNA has an attached amino acid it is said to be chargedAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | * Question 2 0.5 out of 0.5 points | | | Meselson and Stahl used bacteria grown in different nitrogen isotopes to show that DNA replication is semi-conservative.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | * Question 3 0.5 out of 0.5 points | | | At the terminal end of a bacterial mRNA transcript a portion of the RNA loops back on itself in a formation known as aAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Hairpin | Correct Answer: | Hairpin | | | | | * Question 4
During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. This process is similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. One notable difference, however, is that prokaryotic RNA polymerase associates with mRNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing can proceed quickly after the start of transcription. The short-lived, unprocessed or partially processed, product is termed pre-mRNA; once completely processed, it is termed mature mRNA. [edit] Eukaryotic pre-mRNA processingMain article: Post-transcriptional modification Processing of mRNA differs greatly among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archea.
The measurement was taken at 230nm, 260nm and 280nm. The DNA concentration was calculated by using this formula: DNA (µg/ml) =OD260 x 50 x dilution factor For more accurate reading, we had used NanoDrop™ which directly gave us the DNA concentration. Digestion of DNA with Restriction Endonucleases Two eppendorf tubes were prepared for digestion of plasmid and SOD gene. For plasmid digestion tube, 6µl plasmid DNA, 2µl buffer R, 1µl BamHI, 1µl HindIII and 10µl distilled water were added. While, 5µl of purified PCR product, 2µl buffer R, 1µl BamHI, 1µl HindIII and 11µl distilled water were added into SOD gene tube.
Titles: Amplification of lacZ gene by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Aim: To amplify the number of copies of lacZ gene fragment via Polymerase chain reaction from the plasmid pRY121 DNA. Abstract: The lacZ gene was amplified from 1 ng of plasmid pRY121 DNA using synthetic oligonucleotide primers A and B and Taq polymerase in 30 PCR cycles of 96˚, 55˚, and 72˚C in a DNA thermocycler. Agarose gel electrophoresis of BamH-restricted, mini-preped plasmid pRY121 DNA confirmed that lacZ gene fragments were produced. The mass and kb size of the amplified DNA was estimated at 147 ng and 0.6 kb respectively from comparisons to a 1 kb DNA ladder. Procedure: See pages 59-61of Reference [1] for the methodology used.
Basically, DNA controls protein synthesis. The complex and precise process of protein synthesis begins within a gene, which is a distinct portion of a cell's DNA. DNA is a nucleic acid which is made up of repeating monomers, called nucleotides, and in the case of DNA, these individual monomers consist of a pentose sugar, a phosphoric acid and four bases known as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. DNA is a double stranded polymer, which has a twisted ladder like