Three Material Monists Research Paper

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Caitlyn Hammond November 7th, 2011 The beginning of the end In ancient times, the Greeks relied heavily on their gods to explain the natural phenomena happening around them. The sun rose and fell when Apollo drove his chariot across the sky, the ocean was controlled by Posiden and the Heavens by Zeus. However, not all Greeks were satisfied by this explanation. Out of this, grew the Pre Socratic philosophers and more importantly the material monists. The three material monists are considered the first "Physicists" because they were the first to attempt to explain the natural phenomena without reference to the divine. Each material monist had an Arche, meaning first or principle, that they claimed was the source all things. Although their explanations may not hold true today, it is because of them that the world began to look for explanations of the cosmos by nature, not god. The first material monist and first Philosopher was Thales. Thales was the first to explain the cosmos by using an Arche. Thales claimed that water was the source of all things. Although this…show more content…
Anaximander, who was a student of Thales, argued that the four elements, water, air, earth, and fire can change into one another and therefore none of those elements could be the principle element, the Arche. Anaximander’s Arche was something he called Aperion. Aperion, he claimed, was an infinite, boundless substance that all of the elements were derived from and that things can into being by necessity. Anaximander was also very interested in astronomy. From his observations, Anaximander concluded that the sun was nothing more than a disk with hot gas escaping out of it, and that the stars were holes in the sky where light shined through. Although those explanations seem silly, Anaximander also believed that the earth floated free and unsupported in space, which would make sense to the ancients since they had no knowledge of
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