Samuel Engbring Grand Canyon Paper March 7,2012 Rock Layers of the Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is an amazing place to see many different layers of rock dating all the back from the Precambrian to the more recent (geologically speaking) Mesozoic era. This canyon was starting to form about five to six million years ago by erosion from the Colorado River and other water sources. On our field trip much of this was seen by our two stops at Cameron and desert view. That gave great overviews of the canyons layers. The oldest of the strata is the Unkar group which dates all the way back to 1,100-1,250 million years ago.
They are believed to be no older than 1.8 Billion years old (which are the oldest known rocks in the area). These basement rocks are of a crystalline complex (mix of metamorphic and igneous rocks) of feldspar and quartz. Feldspar is from a group of magnesium and aluminum silicate minerals (which are very common in the earth’s crust). Quarts is a mineral composed of pure silicon and oxygen (which is also very abundant in the earth’s crust). It has a pale gray complex and lies under the turtle back formations (convex crystalline structures) in mountain ranges in the area (namely the Black, Talc and Ibex mtn.
It is a roughly triangular-shaped area about 250 miles on a side. On its fringes the elevation of the plateau is about 4,000 feet above sea level, and at its lowest point it is about 400 feet. The journals of Lewis and Clark briefly note the Plateau. The Columbia plateau formed between 6 million and 16 million years ago as the result of successive flows of basalt. The Columbia Plateau province is enclosed by one of the world’s largest accumulations of lava.
If we were CIO we would make the case for a CRM and BI system by clearly laying out the benefits these two systems would provide to Canyon Ranch and show how they would help us build a sustainable competitive advantage. We would anticipate these systems to have an effect on business strategy by providing better decision
y 2008, TransCanada announced a 7 billion dollar expansion that would link Steel City Nebraska with refineries in Texas. The major concern to this proposal was the fact that the pipeline would cross through the Ogallala Aquifer and sand hills in Nebraska two crucial areas. Because of this concern, TransCanada proposed a reroute in November of 2011 .The Ogallala Aquifer is a vital and key source of water to the United States. Approximately 20 percent of irrigated farmland in the U.S and 82 percent of the people living in the 8 states were the Ogallala aquifer lies on depend on it. The Importance of the Ogallala Aquifer The Ogallala Aquifer is a reservoir that covers eight states in the Mid-west, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado,
Life Science Michael Garcia Virtual Lab #1 8/30/14 Dependent and Independent Variables Introduction The use of transgenic corn crops has increased over the years. This type of modified corn is in use because of its resistance to pests like the European Corn Borer (ECB). In this experiment, the effect of ECB infestation on corn crop yields will be examined. Two varieties of transgenic and two varieties of non-transgenic corn seeds will be used to see how well they weather the infestations. The independent variable for this lab is the ECB infestation, and the dependent variable will be the yield of corn.
Nile river- world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean sahara desert -A vast desert in North Africa that covers an area of about 3,500,000 square miles (9,065,000 sq km). Aquifers- A body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater. Niger delta-the delta of the Niger River in Nigeria, is a densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers desertification- The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. Aswan high dam- one of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt carthage-An ancient city on the coast of North Africa near present-day Tunis. It fought with Rome during the Punic Wars and was finally destroyed... black gold-
According to company information, Vulcan • Owns 334 aggregate production and related facilities serving 22 states, the District of Columbia, the Bahamas and Mexico. • Owns 183 stone quarries, 51 sand and gravel plants, 84 sales yards, 47 asphalt plants, and 131 ready-mixed concrete facilities. • Produces crushed stone, sand and gravel, and other construction aggregates. • Is one of the top 5 producers of asphalt and a leading producer of ready-mixed concrete. In 2004 Vulcan acquired at auction for $91 million the White's Uvalde Mines Company which owned major mining interests in the Uvalde County Rock Asphalt region – an area of approximately 75,000 to 100,000 acres containing the only marketable rock asphalt in Texas.
The Neoproterozoic era (1.0-0.54 Ga) was a time of profound changes in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere and biosphere. Earth’s lithosphere records the separation of Rodinia, the pre-Pangean supercontinent, with extensional tectonism on most continents. Evidence that indicate that this was a time of dramatic change comes from well-dated stratigraphic sections that record tectonic, biogeochemical and paleontological information. The Chuar Group, exposed only in the Grand Canyon, accumulated in an intracratonic rift basin. The Chuar group has been indicated that it was deposited at the same time with normal faulting on the north-trending Butte fault from structural and stratigraphic studies.
In present time, the land is known as the Athabascan Oil Sands. The Athabascan Oil Sands are composed of about 70% sand or clay, 10 % water, and between 0-17% heavy oil or bitumen. The heavy oil in a sense is wrapped around in sand particles which in turn surrounds water that contains other things such as titanium and vanadium. The Athabascan oil deposit is the largest reservoir