The Mouth and Oral Hygiene.

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The Mouth and Oral Hygiene.

The mouth is an oval cavity at the beginning of the digestive tract. It consists of the mouth cavity and vestibule, which is bounded by the lips .It, contains the cheeks, gums and teeth, tongue, hard and soft palates, and is lined with mucous membrane. The oral mucosa is designed to meet the demands of chewing and talking and it is thought that the top layer is replaced every 7 – 14 days. The tongue forms most of the floor of the oral cavity.
The mouth is lubricated through the salivary glands: parotid (in front and below the ears), sub-mandibular (behind lower jaw) and sub-lingual (below tongue) and it is believed that as much as 1.5 litres of saliva is produced every day. The saliva aids digestion by supporting chewing and swallowing and also helps in the prevention of infection.
The three main functions of the mouth are: * To enable ingestion of food and fluids. * To aid communication. * To support breathing (along with the nasal passages).
Good mouth care is a vital part of nursing care; it includes careful assessment, correct care and treatment of the oral cavity, including the teeth and mouth. This essential part of nursing care is an often overlooked aspect of patient care both in the community and hospital setting, due to increasing demands made on nursing time and lack of knowledge. Often it is one of the first tasks to be set aside for later, only to then never happen!
The main aims of oral care are: * Keep the mucosa clean, moist and intact to prevent infection. * Keep the lips clean, soft and moist. * Remove food particles and dental plaque. * Alleviate pain and discomfort. * Enhance oral intake, and freshen the mouth. * Prevent halitosis.
In most situations good oral care should include tooth brushing and rinsing of the mouth, to remove debris and reduce complications.
Nurses

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