The Mineral Diamond

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THE MINERAL DIAMOND • Chemistry: C, Elemental Carbon • Class: Native Elements • Subclass: Non-metallics • Group: Carbon • Uses: usually as a gemstone and abrasive, also scientific uses. • The Mineral Diamond Diamond is the ultimate gemstone, having few weaknesses and many strengths. It is well known that Diamond is the hardest substance found in nature, but few people realize that Diamond is four times harder than the next hardest natural mineral, corundum (sapphire and ruby). But even as hard as it is, it is not impervious/nepropustljiv. Diamond has four directions of cleavage, meaning that if it receives a sharp blow in one of these directions it will cleave, or split.As a gemstone, Diamond's single flaw (perfect cleavage) is far outdistanced by the sum of its positive qualities. It has a broad color range, high refraction, high dispersion or fire, very low reactivity to chemicals, rarity, and of course, extreme hardness and durability. Diamonds may be nearly any color in the rainbow plus browns, grays, and white. Shades of yellow are most common, followed by colorless. Blue, black, reddish, and greenish are more valuable. Diamonds are found in a type of rock called "Kimberlite", which comprises the core of certain volcanoes over especially thick portions of the earth's crust. This hard stone is mined and then crushed between giant steel rollers. The kimberlite is reduced to fine gravel, yet the extremely hard diamonds come out unharmed! Water is added and a grease covered roller sorts the diamonds from the gravel, as the diamonds stick to the grease.Many diamonds are mined in the alluvial deposits (resulting from the erosion of kimberlite pipes) in areas such as along the coast of South Africa.Nanodiamonds are also found as presolar grains in meteorites, and presumably in asteroids and comets. Diamonds have been known since antiquity. The Greeks
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