Debit - Duty or obligation to pay money, deliver goods, or render service under an express or implied agreement. Use of debt in a firm's financial structure creates financial leverage that can multiply yield on investment provided returns generated by debt exceed its cost. Because the interest paid on debt can be written off as an expense, debt is normally the cheapest type of long-term financing. 11. Yield - Annual income earned from an investment, expressed usually as a percentage of the money invested.
If subsequently resold for a sum larger than the cost, Alcoa should report for the sale of the treasury stock by debiting cash for the sale cost, crediting treasury stock for cost, and crediting additional paid-in capital from repurchased stock for the excess of the selling price over the cost. Adversely, if the stock is retired, Alcoa
Page 484 has formulas!! 6. When the firms maintains a target leverage ratio, we compute its levered value V^L as the present value of its free cash flows using the WACC, whereas its unlevered value V^U is the present value of its free cash flows using its unlevered cost of capital or pretax WACC. 15.3 Recapitalizing to Capture the Tax Shield 1. when securities are fairly priced, the original shareholders of a firm capture the full benefit of the interest tax shield from an increase in leverage 15.4 Personal
Equilibrium in the asset market is described by the condition that real money supply equals real money demand because when supply equals demand for money, demand must also equal supply for nonmonetary assets. The aggregation assumption that is needed for this is that we can lump all wealth into two categories: (1) money and (2) nonmonetary assets. 8. In equilibrium, the price level is proportional to the nominal money supply; in particular it equals the nominal money supply divided by real money demand. Similarly, the inflation rate is equal to the growth rate of the nominal money supply minus the growth rate of real money demand.
Discount rate = 11%. The Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment proposal is equal to the present value of its annual free cash flows less the investment’s initial outlay (Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Petty, J. W. (2014). The rule here is that our company will accept projects with a net present value greater than zero, and decline the ones with a net present value that is less than zero. The greater the net present value, the more appropriate the investment is. Based on that, Corporation B is desirable to Corporation A as it has a greater net present value.
Define the price elasticity of demand and show how it is calculated. Answer: The units-free measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in it s price when all other influences on buying plans remain the same. 3. What is the total revenue test? Explain how it works.
INTEREST ACCRUAL AND THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY* WALTER C. CLIFF" PHILIP J. LEVINE** * TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................ I. The Accrual Method as a Distortion of Income ......... A. The Commissioner's Broad Discretion Under Section 446(b) .................................... B. Use of the Accrual Method for Reporting Interest Deductions on Long-Term Obligations Clearly Reflects Income ............................. 1.
The acquiring company's basis in the stock of the acquired company is equal to the basis that the shareholder's had in their stock. In order to satisfy the expenses of an acquisition, an acquiring company may use a combination of 2 for 3 stock-for-stock exchange with shareholders of the target company and a tender offer of cash. Where possible, grantees often take advantage of a stock-for-stock exchange, as they usually increase a grantee's ownership position and require no cash outlay. Non-employee shareholders argue that stock-for-stock option price satisfaction adds to the already high expense of granting employees options, as the employees end up not having to pay the option price, which can add up to be a significant amount of cash if all employees granted options take advantage of stock-for-stock
Chapter 5 Assignment 1. Contrast a) Break-even Analysis (BEA): It finds the amount of time required for the cumulative cash flow from a project to equal its initial and ongoing investment. Present Value (NP): It represents the current value of a future cash flow. Net Present Value (NPV): It uses a discount rate which is determined from the company’s cost of capital to establish the present value of a project. Return on Investment (ROI): It is the ratio of the net cash receipts of the project divided by the cash outlays of the project.
Most often, it measures the maximum amount of commercial bank money that can be created by a given unit of central bank money. That is, in a fractional-reserve banking system, the total amount of loans that commercial banks are allowed to extend (the commercial bank money that they can legally create) is a multiple of reserves; this multiple is the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, and it is an economic multiplier. The role of the multiplier is to give predictions to the Federal Reserve about the change in the money supply that would result from a given change in the monetary base. Also to measure the maximum amount of commercial bank money that can be created by a given unit of central bank money (monetary policy). To add on the role of the money multiplier it is also to consider the monetary and fiscal policies as well as how banking system works in creating money.