Aim: To investigate the effects of changing in PH on the activity of enzyme (trypsin). Hypothesis: Alternative hypothesis: As the PH level goes up, the enzyme activity of trypsin will speed up. The following graph is the prediction supporting my hypothesis. Introduction: Biology background (with theories) What are enzymes? Enzymes act as biological catalysts; they make chemical reactions to work quicker and remains unchanged when the reaction finishes.
INSTRUCTION Oils and fat quality. Lipid oxidation. Determination of peroxide value in fats and oil. It is arguable that the two most important chemical reactions that occur in food systems are lipid oxidation and non-enzymatic browning. This lab exercise focuses attention on the former reaction.
The reason for this is because; this allows the substrate to bind to the active site, which is known as the ‘lock and key model’. The substrate is the key and active site is the lock. No other key will fit into the lock. There are many factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity in the liver, namely, Ph level, and substrate concentration. I chose to do an experiment on ‘How temperature can affect the rate of enzyme activity in the liver?’ Temperature affects the “speeds of the molecules, the activation energy of the catalytic reaction and the thermal stability of the enzyme and substrate.” (2) At different levels of temperature the affects on the enzyme in the liver varies.
Once these two components come together, certain chemical bonds within the substrate molecule change much as a lock is released, and just like the key in this illustration, the enzyme is free to execute its duty once again. Many chemical reactions do proceed but at such a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. Consider for example, the oxidation of glucose or other sugars to useable energy by animals and plants. For a living organism to derive heat and other energy from sugar, the sugar must be oxidized (combined with oxygen) or metabolically "burned" However, in a living system, the oxidation of sugar must meet an additional condition; that oxidation of sugar must proceed essentially at normal body temperature. Obviously, sugar surrounded by sufficient oxygen would not oxidize very rapidly at this temperature.
Effect of Enzyme Activity on Temperature Aim: The aim of this experiment is to investigate how effectively the enzyme amylase breaks down starch at different temperatures Research Question: How does the increase in temperature affect the time taken for amylase to breakdown 2ml of starch? Purpose: Background Information: Enzymes are biological catalysts that comprise the largest and most highly specialized class of protein molecules. Enzymes act as catalysts to increase the rates of chemical reactions. A fundamental property of enzymes is their specificity. Various enzymes have unique shape and chemical composition that creates a site, called and active site.
They work best at room temperature around 36-40 C. Introduction For this experiment, I will be looking at how the change in temperature affects the rate of reaction. If the temperature is too high or too low in the water bath the enzymes active site will denature. The best temperature is 37 degrees because this is the natural body temperature which is also called the optimum temperature so the reaction will take place faster. Method * Firstly you have to label a test tube with the temperature that you will be investigating. * Secondly you have to add five drops of phenolphthalein the test tube which you are using.
Enzymes are proteins that are used to speed up these reactions without being consumed by them. The activity of these enzymes can be altered by changing their environments, such as enzyme specificity (speed only a reaction that contains their substrate), increasing and decreasing temperature, concentration level, or adjusting the pH level. Catalase is a catalyst that digests potent hydrogen peroxide and converts it into H2O and O. It is due to this hydrogen peroxide digesting ability that we used catalase in this experiment. To record the role that environment plays in the reaction of an enzyme, we exposed the enzyme to various changes in temperature, concentration, and pH.
Date : 18/02/2013 Micro-scale Determination of the Activation Energy of the Hydrogen Peroxide-Iodide Reaction Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the rate at which hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen with the use of an iodide catalyst. Using the logarithmic form of the Arrhenius equation: ln k’ = -Ea/RT + ln A . the activation energy was determined to be 52.3 kJ/mol. It was also found that increasing the temperature also increased the rate, as there was more energy available to increase the speed of the reaction. Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the Activation Energy of the Hydrogen Peroxide-Iodide reaction.
Catalase Lab Report Introduction Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. Enzymes work by fitting into certain substrates to lower the energy needed for the process to work. This is similar to the lock and key. The key being the substrate and the lock being the enzyme. If the substrate (key) doesn’t fit it won’t work with the enzyme (lock).
On the surface of the enzyme is an active site that temporarily binds the reactants or substrates forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The catalytic action of the enzyme then converts the substrate to a product or products. This conversion can take the form of a synthesis (building more complex molecules), a decomposition (splitting of the substrate), an oxidation/reduction (addition or removal of electrons), or an isomerization (rearrangement of atoms within a molecule). When the product or products are released, the enzyme emerges unchanged and available to convert more substrate into more products. Since enzymes can be used again and again, they are effective even at low concentrations.