On 15 July 1099 the crusaders entered the city. Second Crusade 1147–1149 : A mamluk general, Imad-ed-din Zangi, had managed to unite enough Turks and Arabs in his army to attack the Christian kingdoms. Zangi did not take Jerusalem, but he did take the Syrian city of Edessa nearby. In Europe, people were very upset to learn that the Turks had taken Edessa. The Pope ordered Bernard of Clairvaux (in France) to preach a second crusade to take it back and defeat Zangi.
Communism was a major unifying force after WW2. Discuss Russia’s spread of its communist regime throughout Europe led to it being a major unifying force but also the opposite. It created a union of states between other communist countries but also a fear within Western Europe. The spread of communism in Europe also affected the USA cause it to set up many organisations such as NATO and the Marshall plan to fight it. Although it unified, it also brought about separation, with the division of Germany and of Berlin.
The crusades affected western culture because of their biblical practices that threatened it. By 1905, Urban II’s call for a crusade was only part of a larer shifting in theological interpretations and justification of warfare: the Reconquista in Spain, for instance, had been under way for over two centuries and was rooted in a re-fashioned understanding of just war theory. The explicit pilgrimage and warfare gave the First Crusade a unique potency that triggered widespread enthusiasm across feudal social boudaries. Pilgrimage was a common practice during Middle Ages and, given the perils of travel, pilgrims often armed themselves for defense. The ideology of the crusade, however, was one rooted in the practice redemptive pilgrimage as well as conquest.
The Turks attempted to expand their reign and began to invade the Byzantine Empire. The Christian emperor of Byzantium decided to seek help from the Pope, who in turn sent Christian forces from Western Europe to go to war with the Muslim armies and to stop the spread of Islam in the Holy Land. These wars left an everlasting legacy medieval society, Islam, Europe and the Jews. The effects of the Crusades on these aspects can still be seen in the world we live in today. The Crusades aided the movement towards a new way of government.
The Crusades were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, called by the Pope, with the main goal of restoring Christian control of the Holy Land. The crusaders came from all over western Europe. The main series of Crusades occurred between 1095 and 1291, although many unnumbered crusades were taken up for various reasons. Although the Crusaders were succesful in taking the Holy land, they were unable to keep the land under Christian control. Crusades effected the English people politically, economically, and by exposing the Englishmen to new cultures.
Document 5 comes from the point of view of someone who is analyzing the ruthlessness of the Mongols and their conquest of Russia, which lead to the deaths of many. The people of Russia revolted against the Mongols, so, in response, “the Mongol khan
First of all the first World War happened mainly in Europe while the Second World War was fought at a global scale but they both started by a threat to the balance of power and started within Europe showing the importance that took World War II. During both wars, the Americans in battle wanted the total destruction of enemy rather than a defensive strategy. They entered war because of feeling attacked, often due to a provocation (Lusiytinia during World War I and Pearl Harbor in World War II). There is a difference due to technologic advancements in the way they fought during those wars, warfare methods differed, during World War I for example, the mobility of the soldiers was very limited, they would stay in the trenches and wait for the enemy to attack whereas during World War II, it is mainly massive bombings. ‘The most decisive a weapon is, the more surely it will be used’.
All of Europe was affected by the Thirty Years War with fighting taking place throughout all of Germany, spilling into France, Spain, Italy, Poland and the Netherlands. However, it was Germany that suffered the most as a result of plundering after plundering by uncontrolled bands of marauders and other armies. The devastation this war caused on Germany’s landscape and the loss of life among civilians were the most severe in Europe since the Mongol invasion. [1] The war holds a place in German history similar to that of the Civil War in the United States. [2] Over the course of the Thirty Years War, there were six distinct phases, each with different countries within Europe art conflict with each other.
To show their submission, some towns offered food and provisions to the Mongols, and in exchange, Khan's force guaranteed them protection. In cities where the Mongols were forced to conquer by force, Khan divided the survivors by profession and drafted the few who were literate and anyone who could speak various languages. Those who had been the city's most rich and powerful were killed instantly. Khan and his army pushed further and further into the empire. The caliph in Baghdad was hostile toward the sultan and supported Genghis Khan, sending him a
Great Britain sought control of Egypt to safeguard the route to their flourishing empire in India. Russia also sought strategic land in the Balkans to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. Nations (China, Africa) that were targets of this Imperialistic game suffered heavily. Cultures were destroyed, and civilization destroyed. Some may say it was a “necessary evil”, because Imperialistic powers took control of their lands, which brought about many achievements, both industrial and economical, and modernized the areas they took control of.