History and Theory: Freud and Rogers PSYCH/504 May 13, 2013 Nancy Lees History and Theory: Freud and Rogers The article, “Using the Delay Discounting Task to Test for Failures in Ego Control in Substance Abuse” in the Psychoanalytic Psychology Journal talks about the study done on the self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders (SUDs). It says that individuals use substances to mask un-pleasurable feelings or experiences. As a society we see this daily. People who have experienced tough times and do not want to feel pain any longer; emotional or physical, are more likely to abuse substances. Individuals do this to make the pain go away which ultimately they really just defense mechanisms (Gottdiener, Murawski, & Kucharski, 2008).
The Concept of Social Bias Selina King PSYCH/555 Social Psychology February 6, 2012 Diana Dobier The Concept of Social Bias Social bias is an individual’s prejudice attitude towards people of a specific group, based on a person’s race, gender and even religious affiliation. This paper will explore the concepts of stereotyping a person, prejudice and discriminatory behavior. There are subtle and blatant biases which the differences between the two will be explained. Social bias towards another person can have a strong impact on their lives which will be described in this paper Define Concepts of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination There are some individuals who believe bias behaviors no longer exist in today’s society, it’s no longer a problem, while others strongly believe social bias towards a specific group or person is a current problem that can be dangerous. Some individuals choose not to discuss bias behaviors for fear their opinion on the matter will be taken out of context or they may have to listen to the same dialogue over and over again.
For this reason, the only solution is to have a good risk management plan in place that focuses on the larger threats. So this leads to the question, “what kinds of risks should a company be concerned with?” The author goes on to say that a big part of risk management is understanding the degree of the threat. There are many threats that can bring a company to a complete halt. In the insurance industry for example, anything that prevents the company and its agents from making claims payments, maintaining proper cash reserves, operational risks, financial risks, and especially any risks that involve the IT systems is a threat, because a failure of the systems that keep the company running can be disastrous. Financial institutions such as banks deal with these types of issues on a daily basis because of constant cash flow.
It is essential to inform people of changes and why these changes are happening as when you are aware of why something is being altered you are much more likely to accept it. * Conflicting Roles; at times we may have to do tasks that are not normally in our job descriptions and this can often be seen as ‘treading on someone’s toes’ causing conflict and power struggles. To prevent this sort of conflict it needs to be explained to each individual why tasks have been given to other people to complete. Doing this
Conflict is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about. Whilst thinking about this definition how could we expect that there could be a functional side of conflict that would help our business grow. Functional conflict is conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves its performance, whereas dysfunctional conflict hinders group performance. What groups are looking for and trying to solve, the problem of, is how to increase their functional conflict and decrease their dysfunctional conflict. While dealing with conflict there are five key styles for handling dysfunctional conflict and two stimulating methods for stimulating functional conflict.
Compromising approach is best to work under the time pressure and can also achieve consensus to complex issues. Therefore I would recommend Lauren deal the problem with compromising approach. Part 2- Prevent Conflict: Despite setting ground rules, there are some problems arise in the team. In order to prevent the problems from occurring in the first place, I would use the following steps I have read from “The SECRETS of Facilitation”. These steps are especially design to
That is why people avoid change. To encourage people to assist with the change, you must create a sense of urgency (Kotter, 1996, 1998) 2) You can try and battle the resistance to change that people have by yourself, or you can make your life much easier by enlisting the help of others. To counteract resistance, one option is to form a powerful coalition of managers to work with the most resistant people. 3) While it is not impossible to get things done without a definite plan of action, it is much simpler (and you get more cooperation) if there is a clear plan in place. Creating a vision and the strategies for achieving the vision will help expedite the change.
Materiality is defined by the FASB as an omission that would affect a normal person by a misstatement such as using earnings management to skew the true earnings or revenue. This calls in to play the unethical behavior that earnings management places on the public (violating AICPA Code of Professional Ethics). SOX further required management and accountants to be cognizant of the material errors that financial misstatement and false reporting could have from an ethical standpoint. It holds them accountable for all financial reporting from their company. This includes criminally and financial accountability.
Top executives of companies are hired to improve performance and the pressure to do so can lead them to take unethical action to ensure their success. Publicly traded companies are consistently pressured by internal and external stakeholders to perform at higher level. When organizations are about to release financial reports that would possibly lead to a financial loss to the shareholders, the pressure to perform unethical accounting practices will increase. There is an opportunity to adjust the numbers so the financial reports will represent a more desirable outcome. Employees have the same opportunity to perform unethical accounting activities as the top executives.
I should always keep people informed about progress as they may need to know about changes in targets as it allows them to make amendments to the way they handle their work, if they are not informed it may affect their working abilities. The purpose of letting other people know work plans need to be changed is so they can plan sufficient timescales and it gives them time to adapt to the new changes. By giving them notice it increases their chances of completing the task more efficiently and to an expectable standard. The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes is so I know where I have gone wrong and I am able to prevent the mistake from happening again. The purpose and benefits of taking on new challenges if they arise is so I am able to put myself to the test by using my strengths and strengthening my weaknesses, this helps me achieve self growth opportunities and gain new skills to use in more challenging situations.