Why do you think the plot was not linear? (Hint: Look at the relationship of the variables in the equation.) How well did the results compare with your prediction? The increase in radius resulted in an increase flow rate, as predicted. ACTIVITY 2 Studying the Effect of Blood Viscosity on Blood Flow Rate 1.
Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress-related illness. (12 marks) Cohen et al. investigated a link between life stress and vulnerability to the common cold virus. 394 participants completed a questionnaire on the number of stressful events they experienced during the previous year. They rated their degree of stress (stress index).
Compare the resting and exercising systemic vascular resistance values and discuss what causes the observed change with exercise. The systemic vascular resistances (SVR) from resting (average 17 mmHg) to after exercising (6.5 mmHg) decreased. SVR is affected by cardiac output, blood vessel diameter, and length of vessels. Cardiac output increases if the heart rate or stroke volume is increased. Blood vessels, if constricted, increase SVR and blood pressure while vasodilation decreases SVR and blood pressure.
The body receives oxygen from the lungs and transmits it to your muscles through your bloodstream. The heart controls the flow of blood throughout the body and your heart rate is a factor of that flow. Therefore when your muscles work harder and require more oxygen, your heart rate increases to meet the needs to maintain a consistent internal state, the harder you work the faster your heart pumps. The probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise to the breathing rate, exercise will increase the demands on your body to supply the fuel it needs to perform. Your body’s need for oxygen will increase.
Forty-three percent of all adults suffer adverse health effects from stress. Seventy-five percent to ninety percent of all doctor’s offices visits are from stress related ailments and complaints. As stated previously stress can play part in problems such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, skin conditions, asthma, arthritis, depression, and much more health issues. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) declared stress a hazard of the workplace. Stress cost
Stress comes from any situation in which we feel frustrated, angry or anxious. Anxiety, on the other hand, comes from apprehension or fear. Stress and Anxiety, in a nutshell, stem from our bodies reaction to fear or change. Those who suffer from stress can understand their condition and find resolution in the mediums of therapy or changing certain aspects to their daily lives. Anxiety on the other hand is not something that can be treated easily as there is the potential to have larger psychological or physicals reasons for its manifestation.
2) Insomnia. 3) Headaches and many more. These happen because your body is always working harder. This also increases your blood pressure rising, meaning the blood vessels are under pressure. If a blood vessels bursts this is called a stroke.
Discuss how workplace factors may affect stress Different scientists have come up with ways of testing the relationship between workplace factors and the stress associated with them. These workplace factors may include a qualitative or quantative workloads, deadlines and long work hours, and these factors can lead to stress related illnesses which can result in absenteeism. Marmot et al (1997) used a questionnaire, as well as a health screening for signs of heart disease, to find a link between workplace factors and stress related illness. His research showed that employees with low job control were around three times more likely to suffer from heart attacks than those with high job control, suggesting that it was desirable to have high job control so as to limit the chances of heart disease. However, Caplan et al (1975) contradicts this research, finding that ambitious employees, similar to those with high job control in Marmot’s study, were more likely to suffer from stress related illness.
Stress and Life Change Within this essay the term stress will be discussed and how life changes can affect people’s lives causing a person to feel stressed. Seiye (1956) defines stress as “The individual’s physchophysiological response, mediated largely by the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, to any demands made on the individual.” (Gross 2001) p174 The essay will also cover and explore the evolutionary perspective focusing on how stress affects the sympathetic state and the endocrine system, and how primary and secondary appraisal fits in with this; it will also discuss how divorce, as a major life, change can have both positive and negative outcomes. Stress is something that can be termed differently by each individual, what it may mean to one person, it may mean something different to another, it could be that it is the meaning that an individual attaches to an experience rather that the experience itself, that causes one to feel stressed. Stress can also be a good thing, it can be what drives us to get out of bed each day and carry out daily routines. Lack of stress, termed as ‘distress’ can cause lack of motivation and boredom, which can have a negative effect on life and can lead to many other problems such as alcohol or drug abuse.
Work Related Distress My first research article covers the alarming rise in mental distress suffered at work (Stansfeld et al., 2008 p. 1). This article provides insight to the psychologic hardships faced day to day in the workplace. Also discussed is the rise in reported physical ailments linked to the rise in mental distress (1). The increase of these sicknesses has huge implications on the ways that businesses operate. The piece “Work Related Distress- a Real Increase in Ill Health?” was constructed using the survey/interview research design method (1).