The person may benefit from professional counselling sessions in order for them to get to the bottom of what is causing the distress. You should give the person opportunity to talk and express themselves, making sure that you are non-judgmental and supportive. 4.3 Working closely and getting to know people will often help you to discover the triggers that make people distressed. You may manage to find ways in which you can contribute to reduce causes of distress. Depending on the underlying forces, distress can sometime be dealt with by physical means, such as, an immediate removal from the cause such as taking a break from work or from caring for a difficult, very ill, demanding relative.
Paranoid schizophrenia is a mental health disorder that affects many people. This type of disorder is a concrete, pervasive delusional system that is personified by that person's persecutory and grandiose beliefs. People affected by this brain disorder exhibit suspiciousness and mistrust of others. The psychopathology of this disorder can be catergorized in a few types of different onsets during the disease process. Before the actual onset of the disease the patient can become withdrawn, defiant, distrustful, defiant and sarcastic.
Nevertheless, Beck’s categorization still provides invaluable cues to cognitive therapist in identifying cognitive errors. Once distortion thoughts have been identified, therapist can form a goal-orientated treatment by encouraging his/her patient to gather evidence that against these thoughts, and thus eliminating cognitive errors. Application of Cognitive Therapy in PTSD Cognitive therapy is one of the techniques that aim to reduce PTSD symptoms. By altering one’s cognitive error, PTSD patients can assign new meaning to traumatic event and also learn to manage re-experiencing symptoms, thus enhancing one’s social and occupational functioning level. In order to achieve these therapeutic goals, Clark and Ehlers (2004) proposed that a specialized cognitive therapy for PTSD should contain two progressive phrases, which namely Trauma and Disorder Focused.
PTSD is commonly found among, soldiers that saw combat, car accident victims, those who experience sexual abuse, victims of natural disasters, and people who are victims of or witnessed violent crimes. PTSD is also seen among rape victims, kidnapped victims, victims of incest, hijacking, cult abuse, and terrorism (Schiraldi 2009). In this anxiety disorder where the victim fears a possible threat, often resulting in hyper arousal (Alden, Lapos, Et al).The current diagnostic statistical manual sets the guidelines for the diagnosis. To be diagnosed with PTSD, the victim must have experienced all of the following: a traumatic event and the victim must find themselves reliving the event through dreams, flashbacks or expressive play. The victim must then show signs of avoidance socially, to their thoughts, inability to recall information about the event, and/or restricted views of their future.
Disaster preparedness training can help such people in improving immediate physical safety and logistics issues that are involved with a traumatic event (Shalev, 2004). This training can offer important preventive factors against developing PTSD. Conclusion PTSD is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation so preventing it can be impossible. PTSD not only affects an individual but also his family and the society. Families that have PTSD victims can benefit from counseling, parenting classes and conflict resolution education.
Psychotherapy. Although it may seem painful to face the trauma you went through, doing so with the help of a mental health professional can help you get better. There are different types of therapy. Other ways it can be treated are: • Cognitive behavioral therapy helps you change the thought patterns that keep you from overcoming your anxiety. • During exposure therapy, you work with a mental health professional to help you confront the memories and situations that cause your
They are highly unstable emotionally, and develop wide mood swings in response to stressful events. Finally, BPD may be complicated by brief psychotic episodes. Most often, borderline patients present to psychiatrists with repetitive suicidal attempts. We often see these patients in the emergency room, coming in with an overdose or a slashed wrist following a disappointment or a quarrel. Interpersonal relationships in BPD are particularly unstable.
After detoxification it is imperative that the addict continues treatment, which may include counseling, self-help groups or a combination of the two. Counseling is typically executed with a psychologist or psychiatrist. This is the point when the addict may undergo behavior therapies. These therapies can teach the addict ways and methods to cope with the addiction and its symptoms; for example, cravings, temptation to relapse, and what to do if the addict does relapse. The counseling will be more successful if it involves the addict’s friends and family as well [ (Drug Addiction, 2007)
There is Coping Skills, which has an element of 'self-verbalisation' to ourselves and the result of the way we behave. This aims to reduce and prevent stress by teaching service users such as clients suffering from schizophrenia what to say and what to do during difficult situations such as feeling angry or paranoid. Problem-Solving Skills encourage clients to identify and define their problems, generate solutions to their problems and choose the best way to act on their problems and review their progress. Cognitive Restructuring aims to focus on challenging and modifying clients’ unrealistic or negative thoughts. Finally, Structural Cognitive Therapy aims at client's beliefs, which cause problems.
This allows the patient to still feel the sadness but it allows the provider to help focus on the cognitive aspect. In fact it is said that over time the affect or sadness the feel will diminish, in a way it is a sort of desensitization. Cognitive restructuring is also helpful because most patients remember the traumatic event a certain way and nothing will change it, but by helping the patient view the event in a different light it may change their perspective of the event and they may benefit greatly. A breakthrough is reached when the patient starts to get confused on the event that triggered the survivor guilt, this means that the patient can now focus on other aspects of that day or maybe even remember details that were forgotten due to the initial shock. At the end of the day it is the way the patient sees them self that is of most importance (Wilson, Harel, & Kahana, 1988).