However, most men have a higher percentage of sustaining head injuries than women. It is also estimated that nearly one-half million people in the United States suffer from head injuries; many of those head injuries will turn out to be PTSD complaints. PTSD has been previously studied in cases involving only soldiers, now civilian personnel are being evaluated due to terror attacks, accidents, natural and civilian catastrophes, criminal assaults, and rape Strangely, PTSD was not developed until after the Vietnam War. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), PTSD has also been called shell shock or battle fatigue syndrome. The three major categories of PTSD are: (1) Intrusion, (2) Avoidance, and (3)
the ICD recognises 7 subtypes of schizophrenia and DSM only recognises 5. The reliability of the early editions of both classification systems were seen as inconsistent and the vagueness of the DSM led to very low reliability in diagnosis. Schizophrenia was more commonly diagnosed in the USA using the DSM (80%) in contrast to England which used the ICD (20%). Although ICD& DSM have become very similar in recent years, they place different emphasis on the importance of symptoms of schizophrenia. The ICD also lists two types of schizophrenia that are not present in the DSM resulting in inconsistency of diagnosis depending on what classification system is used thus causing a lack in reliability.
PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA Paranoid Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness in which reality is distorted, also known as psychosis; people with Paranoid Schizophrenia cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common diagnosed forms of Schizophrenia; it only affects 1% of the general population, about 2.2 million people. People diagnosed with schizophrenia make up about half of all patients in psychiatric hospitals and may occupy as many as one quarter of the world's hospital beds. People with schizophrenia have problems remembering, paying attention, and communication .Some researchers believe Paranoid Schizophrenia develops as a young child, but major symptoms do not affect the mind fully until
The five categories of schizophrenia are distinguished by symptoms. For example, paranoid schizophrenics display obsessiveness with irrational beliefs. They may believe that strangers or the government is following them. Disorganized schizophrenics are often confused and experience disorganized speech and behavior. For instance, disorganized schizophrenics will say words out of context or repeat behaviors due to being confused.
While in the early stages of the deinstitutionalization the methods were radical and released patients from hospitals most programs were not well thought out or implemented. The hope was to give more hope to the mentally ill than the harm they were experiencing. Although this process created havoc and concern for society, it has evolved through the years and involves more than simply changing the locus of care for people. The today’s treatment involves a more tailored need to each individual, hospital care to those who need it, services culturally relevant,
This mental disorder makes it difficult to differentiate between what is reality and what is fantasy. The symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into positive and negative symptoms. An individual must display at least two positive symptoms or one positive symptom as well as a negative symptom. Positive symptoms are symptoms that are only present in people with schizophrenia and atypical to the average person, such as hallucinations. Negative symptoms include deficits of standard emotional responses, such as lack of motivation or inability to experience pleasure.
The prodromal phase of schizophrenia is characterized by dysphoria, petulance, transient psychotic symptoms, alogia, anhedonia, gaucheness and social withdrawal. Schizophrenia is caused by multi-factorial elements with the main ones being genetics, in-utero infections (and injury), substance abuse and environmental stressors (such as poverty). Schizophrenia is classified into seven categories: simple schizophrenia, residual type, paranoid type, undifferentiated type, disorganized type, catatonic type and post-schizophrenic depression. The main mechanism for schizophrenia is outlined by the dopamine hypothesis which states that schizophrenia occurs when there is an abnormal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the brain and thus, the positive symptoms (of schizophrenia) appear when the dopaminergic activity within the mesolimbic system is increased, and the
Some patients am also be unaware about the severity and frequency of their symptoms (hence why validity in this area can be increased by interviewing close friends and relatives). 15) is OCD a universal mental illness? Yes, as the incidence of OCD tends to be 2-3% in most countries/cultures. However, symptoms are often shapes by the patients
Mental Disorder and Violence Angela Aldeman Grand Canyon University: JUS610 November 27, 2013 Many have questioned whether there is a relationship between mental disorder and violent behavior. Some have questioned the mental health law and whether or not it is empirical or politically controversial. (Monahan, 1992) There is a general consensus that says severe mental illness or SMI increases the risk of violence. A recent report claims that SMI by itself is not related statistically for future violence. Most people with SMI also have a substance abuse problem that significantly shows more signs of committing violent acts then those who are not.
Schizophrenia “Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of strange perceptions, unusual emotions and motor abnormalities. “ (Comer, 426) Schizophrenia comes from the Latin language “ split minds,” individuals with this mental illness tend to lose connections to the real world and they isolate in their own thoughts that pervade their minds. Psychosis is the loss of contact with reality and it always appears in form of schizophrenia. The causes could be genetic or environmental. The symptoms for this mental illness are in positive symptoms that include excessive thoughts and disturbances of perception, hallucinations and delusions are also part of signs.