Killing or injuring an animal is never a good thing, but if it can be used to save a human it is worth it. Since 1975 when scientist started using animals for cancer research testing life expectancy has gone up 10.7 percent. Over 12 million people have cancer in the United States, so more then a million people have lived longer because of various tests. That is an incredible stat and because of that alone scientists should continue animal testing. Another reason to continue animal testing is that it leads to better product safety.
“The Evolution of Molecular Biology: A Scientific Revolution?” Indeed, the Sumerians and Babylonians had set the stage for the evolution of Molecular Biology back in around 8000 years ago. People selectively manipulated the organism like yeast, domesticated the livestock, cross-bred the crops for their survival. But it was not until the mid 18th century when Darwin discovered the laws of evolution that turned the mere descriptive, observational, and taxonomical biology into the functional biology that can quantify the observations and help us understand the life at molecular level. Every discovery made thereafter formed the basis for another discoveries. Scientists were approaching the reductionist approach to explore the genetic codes of nature and unravel the many basics of molecular and cellular processes.
Monogamy and the immune system Maryana Ayzikovitch BIO 111 Jonathan Heckmann This article is about experimental research made on two types of mice, monogamy and promiscuous, to see if the sexual behaviors in two closely related mice species have impact on the immune system at DNA molecular level. This research showed us how our social behavior can lead to evolutionary changes at gene level and selection pressure changes. This kind of research was also very important, and couldn’t be done before, because of enormous data analysis which became available with new technology. The research took place at the University of California Berkeley. The research was made under supervision of Matthew MacManes, a NIH sponsored post-doctoral fellow at UC Berkeley.
When you sit back and think of the process and some of the issues that arise from human experimentation, you begin to realize how many ethical issues we must have considered to come to conclusions to have deemed it right to begin experimentation on humans. Why did we decide it was important to begin studying eugenics? Why have we come to a conclusion that by experimenting on a few we could benefit many? We begin our discussion by learning what Eugenics is and focusing on its importance. Eugenics by definition is the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding or changing of genetics to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable outcomes.
Introduction Animals testing have significantly contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in general and to biomedical progress specifically. Many example showing that laboratory animals in medical development and other aspects have significantly influenced human health and reduced suffering, for example improved diagnosis of infectious disease ( Hau, J., & Schapiro, S. J. 2002). But since 1960s and 1970s, animals testing protests has gained prominence and strength, people start to argue it is moral to continue “cruel” animal testing. Animal Testing is a moral act In the rest of this article, I shall apply different concept under utilitarianism try to discuss animal testing are moral acts.
When juvenile diabetes was first identified, the only way to treat it was with xeno insulin made of extracted insulin from the pancreases of cattle and pigs. The cost to purify the insulin and the high risk of allergic reaction lead researchers to look for other options. In the 1980’s insulin synthesis made a huge leap. Biotechnology was able to manufacture human insulin in a lab. Now, most insulin
Is it Ethical to Genetically Engineer Humans? Human Genetic Engineering is a scientific process of manipulating genetic material. It involves altering, replacing or transferring genes from one organism to another for some specific purpose. Since late 1900s when human genetics engineering was introduced in public, it gotten so much controversies. The big question was whether or not Human Genetic Engineering was ethical.
This idea of testing on animals has been around for thousands of years, but it has only been implemented for the past seventy years. Currently, animal testing is practiced in research facilities all over the world. It is being done to help contribute towards new medical advances. Animal Activists, however, want it to be stopped immediately because they claim it to be cruel and/or painful to the animals being tested on, but medical researchers argue against that, saying it must be continued for the sake of humanity. Although Animal Activists claim it's cruel and painful, the truth is that animal testing should be continued because rules are in place, it benefits mankind, and ensures public safety.
So many examples exist that contradict the explanation of common descent. Recent information in embryology, microbiology, genetics and especially molecular biology has revealed in minute detail how plants and animals are constructed at the molecular level. If the Darwinian interpretation of homology were correct, then we would expect that the same homologies found at the macroscopic level also exist at the
Genetically modified foods, harmful or helpful The term genetically modified foods (GM foods) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology technique. Compared to normal food, the benefits of GM foods is very obvious. Such as GM food can reduce damage to crops by chemical pesticide, herbicides and improved crops nutritional content. Now, planting genetically modified food has become very popular in the world. Although the genetically modified foods have many advantages than conventional foods, but we also cannot ignore the fact that GM foods also bring to a lot of problem.