The reason this makes Koch so important is because if he hadn’t investigated Anthrax using Pasteur’s theory, the germ theory may never have caught on leaving people to believe false theories for much longer. Koch helped the advancement of medicine and life expectancy take a big step forward. Koch used very interesting methods that enabled him to research bacteria much easier than what other scientists researching the subject could. He used certain ways of staining bacteria so they could be photographed; he did this by using dyes such as methyl violet. He also discovered a way of growing bacteria on potatoes rather than in water, meaning they were easier to see and study, as the solid particles didn’t move, unlike the loose water molecules which moved along with the bacteria.
Jenner found that the boy fell ill to cowpox but after recovering, he was immune to smallpox thus the method of vaccination was born. This discovery was important as it was an improvement on the previous method of inoculation. Inoculation involved deliberately infecting someone with the desired disease but death rates were extremely high as a result of this practise. However Jenner’s discovery of the smallpox vaccination meant that more lives were saved because there were fewer deaths associated with the vaccination technique and it became more popular than inoculation - eventually becoming a widespread method of disease prevention as it is still in use today. The factors of enquiry and science & technology played an important part in the build up to the development of the smallpox vaccination.
His first experiments were on rats where he found large differences in the strength and length of the NMR signals given off by the cancerous and healthy tissues. This work solidified his ideas of the MR Body Scanner. With much criticism from other scientists, in 1971 Damadian filed for a patent for his idea of NMR for detecting cancer. Herman Carr created one dimensional MR images. Then scientist Paul Lauterbur developed a way to make MR images in two dimensional and three dimensional using gradients.
They also have a lot of free time to stress each other out so Sapolsky decided to study these animals in order to get a better understanding on how stress affects humans. He discovered that baboon hierarchy and stress is linked. He took blood samples, measuring the stress hormone levels and found that a high ranking baboon has less stress than a submissive animal. The low ranking animals had high blood pressure, a weakened immune system and overall lower health. In the 1960’s, a professor named Michael Mormot lead a study in England named the
This bacteria is a little beneficial because it increases brain productivity but has a side effect, it drain a lot of energy. After many tests in the many countries, many different results have been collected. In France, many scientists decided to recreate the test in which they placed the bacteria on an alive guinea pig’s brain. The result were that the guinea pig were apparently getting smarter however that they were getting weaker and lost much of it’s energy and many of them died. In United State, one scientist named Henry Watterson heard about the bacteria and wondered if it might be a cure for Alzheimer’s so he decided to test the bacteria on five humans who had Alzheimer’s and compared the result with five other people with Alzheimer but not with the bacteria.
20 days later the same experiment took place with a rabbit, which purposely was not white like the rat yet he still had the same reactions towards it as he did with the white rat. This continued with many other random objects with fur and no fur. After all these tests, Watson and Rayner were prepared to present the notion that it was possible to train a child to fear something he/she wouldn’t usually fear. In this case the rat began by being the neutral stimulus and over time became the conditioned stimulus. Since the conditioned fear lasted after 31 days they claimed it might last for Albert’s whole life.
A higher number of offspring allows for a greater number of experiments or trials to be performed at a time. The greater the number of trials that can be performed will increase the data that can be collected to increase the accuracy of the trial. If a drug was tested on humans and the first two people to take the drug died, chances are the drug would be discontinued and research shut down, even if the deaths were only coincidence. By having a larger sample size of animals one can test the effects to see how fatal the drug is and determine how it can be improved. Even though many experiments have expected results the effects of a drug could be wide spread.
These vaccines have cured many sick animals back to normal and likewise enhanced their health in many ways. A successful vaccine that is tested on an animal could save and improve thousands and millions of lives, so why should we not do it? Opponents might say that animal testing is cruel and inhumane, but these animals are already a part of the nature’s food
Simge ENGELKIRAN Title of presentation: The Effects of Naltrexone on Spatial Memory after Restraint Stress in C578L/6J Mice: A Mechanism for Opiate Receptors and Stress Presenter: John Kummer The researchers hypothesis was being tested is that C57BL/6J mice that experience immobilization stress and are injected with naltrexone HCI will spend more time in the target zone of the Barnes Maze on the probe trial day than the C57BL/6J mice that experience immobilization stress and are injected with saline. The method for this experiment was using C57BL/6J mice at 3 weeks of age were split into IV groups, immobilization stress+ saline for six experimental rats and immobilization stress + 1 mg/kg naltrexone for another six experimental rats. The experimenter spend one week of habituation to food and cage was given. One day of habituation to injections and the Barnes Maze was given. And they spent another five days, over two weeks; the mice were given their IV on experimental days.
constructive speech Animals can be used in lab experiment . First of all, Animal Experiment Provides a Platform for Medical Research: Now we manage to treat diseases like measles, smallpox, malaria today which are all horrible disease only because of animal experiment. The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. Without these experiment, we may even not have the chance standing here to make this debate! Secondly,Animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways.