Riparian And The Dual Doctrine

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There has been increasing awareness and concern for environmental implications over the ever growing bottled water industry. Concerns like; solid waste contribution to our countries landfills, the effect on water scarcity in source locations, and the vast amounts of oil expended and forever depleted from the production and transportation of water bottles across the country. Further contributions to environmental degradation include chemical leakage into our earth and its groundwater systems as well as the overall input to green house gases. This issue effects 130 countries directly and all others indirectly. But as the top consumer of bottled water, nowhere is that effect more pronounced then in America. Worldwide some 2.7 million tons of…show more content…
Several major US cities have banned the use of city funds to purchase water bottles and many more colleges banning the product from their campuses all together. Regulation of water resources vary from state to state.11 States are grouped into three categories. Riparian, prior appropriation, and dual doctrine. The riparian system applies to 29 states. It awards water rights to owner of land that touches water sources. The prior appropriation set of guidelines state that water rights are granted to those that take the water and use it for preapproved, beneficial purposes. In times of shortage water is not rationed due to need but rather by the seniority rule. This rule applies to eight states. The dual doctrine approach is a combination of both systems and is held by twelve states. Additionally each state has its own set of interstate or international treaties and compacts that address management of jointly owned water systems, like the Groundwater Use Law in Michigan. The law strengthened current water laws and refined permitting processes. It also added protection to water resources and sensitive habitats. It is worth mentioning that the bottling industry does not have to adhere to the same strict standards as the tap water industry. They only have to perform chemical and microbes testing about one fourth as often as tap water. Also, water bottles that are manufactured and sold instate often fall…show more content…
The bottle uses sixty percent less PET plastic and is among the most environmentally responsible packaging out there. Eco-Shape(TM) is credited with reducing Nestle Waters' carbon emission equivalents by more than 356,000 tons since 2007 – the equivalent to removing 78,000 cars from the road. Eco-Shape(TM) also features a label that is 35 percent smaller on average than the previous label, saving nearly 10 million pounds of paper annually.12 An even newer solution emerging in the bottled water market is bio-plastic bottles made 100 percent from plants. The most popular, made from Green Planet Bottling and Keystone Water Company. The bottles are toxin-free and carbon neutral, compared to popular plastic bottles containing petroleum. They are also reusable, recyclable and compostable in 80 days. The companies say that for every 72 plant-based bottles produced, they save one gallon of oil. Water is sourced within 500 miles of plants and the bottles also use 65 percent less energy and fuel to
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