Background Information: Baking soda (NaHCO3) constitutes a compound that has numerous practical and economical uses. NaHCO3 is used in fire extinguishers, household cleaners, fruit cleaner, heavy duty dish cleanser, hand and face wash, tooth and denture cleaner, for cooking and for acid indigestion. The wondrous applicability of baking soda is that it can be created by using a number of methods. The Athenium Baking Soda Company has decided to make baking soda using the method of reacting crystalline ammonium hydrogen carbonate with brine, which is “salt water with a high concentration of sodium chloride, as well as potassium chloride, lithium chloride, and calcium chloride.” NH4HCO3(s) + NaCl(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate + Brine Baking soda + Ammonium chloride When the baking soda is dried and filtered, there may be contaminants present in the residue, such as KCl, LiCl, and CaCl2. To analyze the purity composition in their baking soda, as well as the quality of workmanship, structural flaws, composition, and longevity, the Athenium Baking Soda Company has hired our team.
Quality Control for Athenium Baking Soda Company Introduction In this experiment, we will be using thermal gravimetric analysis (experiment 4) and HCL titration (experiment 12) to determine the percentage of NaHCO3 (baking soda) in the sample given. We will also be using emission analysis for group IA and IIA salts (experiment 10) to determine the impurities present. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the purity of a sample of baking soda given us by the Athenium Baking Soda Company. We will First determine the percentage of baking soda and then determine whether it contains particulates of CaCl2, LiCl, of KCl for the purpose of seeing whether it is pure and useable or not (the quality of the baking soda). We are performing the experiment to gain our spots on the team of quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company A Self-Directed Experiment 16 April 2012 INTRODUCTION The Athenium Baking Soda Company has begun producing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate). NH4HCO3 + NaCl ==> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl Due to the high concentration of the brine solution that is used to generate the product, contaminants are often present in the finished product as chloride compounds. The contaminants may be detected when the finished baking soda product is dried and filtered. PURPOSE: In this experiment, we will be employing quality control by analyzing the composition and purity of the contaminated baking soda samples. To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company April 16, 2012 Introduction: In a sample of baking soda, determine the percent by mass of NaHCO3. Also, determine if any chemical impurities are present, the chemical nature of the impurities, and the quantity of each present. Baking soda, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a naturally occurring compound with a wide range of uses. The diverse uses of baking soda include its presence in cleaning products, human food and beverages, animal food, and food processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical and industrial processes, water treatment, fire extinguishers, and more (chemicalland21). Because baking soda is a natural compound, using it in these products can replace potentially environmentally harmful products.
In order to ensure quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company’s product, we will select three methods of experimentation to determine the purity of its baking soda, as well as its composition. The first experimental procedure to take place will be a thermal gravimetric analysis, which will help determine the percent composition of sodium bicarbonate of a sample of the company’s baking soda. In this experiment, a known mass of a sample of the company’s baking soda will be added to a crucible and heated until it decomposes into solid sodium carbonate, gaseous carbon dioxide, and gaseous water, as shown in the following equation: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) After a reheating of the crucible to ensure accuracy, the stoichiometric ratio for the mass loss of CO2 and H2O per gram of NaHCO3 will be determined, along with the total mass of CO2 and H2O lost upon heating. These will be used in order to determine 3 the mass of NaHCO3 present in the sample. Finally, using the collected data, the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in the company’s
When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient, the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to rise. Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent already (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Cookie recipes typically include baking
Problem Which dissolves in water better, salt or baking soda? Hypothesis If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. Abstract The purpose of this project is to determine which material dissolves better in water between salt and baking soda. The hypothesis is If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. One teaspoon of salt and one teaspoon of baking soda were put in two separate transparent glasses of water and then the time of dissolving of each substance were calculated.
Discussion & Conclusion In this experiment we learned how to synthesize the cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. We procedure the first step where we have to mix the components. Then we heat the R.B.F with a fractionating column, distilled water. Then we obtained the layers, and we transferred the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask. We added anhydrous Sodium Sulfate as a drying agent.
After donning the appropriate safety gear I began by placing 3 separate sets of 10 drops of distilled water into an unused well of the 24 well plate. I added the following chemicals into one of the three sets of distilled water creating three separate chemical mixtures: HCI, Ammonia, and Sodium Hydroxide. I mixed all thoroughly with a toothpick and then sucked the mixtures into separate pipets. These were placed into the 24 well plate for later use. Using the 96 well plate I combined various chemicals together to observe the chemical changes that were created.
It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda. In colloquial usage, its name is shortened to sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate soda, or simply bicarb. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning aerated salt, was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. The term has now fallen out of common usage.