There are several different ways to create baking soda, but the Athenium Baking Soda Company chose to make baking soda by reacting ammonium hydrogen carbonate with a highly concentrated aqueous solution of NaCl or brine. An equation to demonstrate this process is: NH4HCO3(S) + NaCl (aq) → NaHCO3 (aq) +NH4Cl(aq) This salt-water concentration not only contains a high concentration of sodium chloride, but also concentrations of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride. Because of this fact residue of NH4HCO3 will possibly contain CaCl2, KCl, and LiCl. These contaminants of the brine will provide flaws to the baking soda, and thus production must be checked often by chemists who analyze the baking soda for lifespan, composition, purity, and quality. There are a couple different ways to determine the percent composition of baking soda.
NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate - baking soda) and HCl (hydrochloric acid). The bubbles formed are carbon dioxide. HCl (hydrochloric acid) and BTB (bromothymol blue). Bromothymol blue is one of many acid-base indicators. What color do you observe?
Contents Abstract – Page 2 Summary of Results – Page 3 Focus Question – Page 5,6 What if… - Page 6 Confidence Report – Page 7,8 Abstract Summary of Results Observations of Reactions – Trials 1 , 2 & 3 | Dissolving Barium Iodide and Zinc Sulfate in deionized water | As the substances dissolve the water becomes cloudy and acquired a white tint. | Centrifuging up the solution obtained in previous reaction | The precipitate and the liquid seperated, and there was more precipitate in one of the test tubes. The precipitate was a thick white color, not transparent. | Heating the Precipitate in a boiling tube containing 2 boiling chips | The mixture began producing a large amount of bubbles, as we continued heating it only white powder remained. | Observations of Chemicals | Zinc Sulfate | Powder of a white solid | Barium Iodide | Powder of a white solid.
Name______________________________ Date _________________ Block _______ Plop-Plop Fizz-Fizz Lab Problem: Does the physical size of an Alka-seltzer tablet effect how fast it dissolves? Background: The idea came from a newspaper editor in Elkhart, Indiana, in the 1920s and was brought to the public by Hub Beardsley, president of the Dr. Miles Laboratories (now Miles Laboratories). Beardsley learned that an entire newspaper staff had remained free of influenza during an epidemic when they took the editor's prescription of aspirin and baking soda. Beardsley knew he had found a moneymaking product.
Objective The purpose of this experiment was to become familiar with the ability to reproduce an experiment several times. Experimental Materials 1 x Magnetic Stirring Bar (yellow) 2 x 100 mL Flask 8 x 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask Magnetic Hotplate Glass Stirring rod Distilled water Pipet (with Pump handle) Starch 0.20M Ammonium Persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 0.20M Ammonium Sulfate (NH4)2S2O4 0.20M Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) 0.20M Potassium Iodide (KI) 1.2 x 10-2M Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) Experimental Method 1. All materials were obtained from the classroom. 2. The flasks were thoroughly cleaned with distilled water.
Discussion & Conclusion In this experiment we learned how to synthesize the cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. We procedure the first step where we have to mix the components. Then we heat the R.B.F with a fractionating column, distilled water. Then we obtained the layers, and we transferred the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask. We added anhydrous Sodium Sulfate as a drying agent.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company A Self-Directed Experiment 16 April 2012 INTRODUCTION The Athenium Baking Soda Company has begun producing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate). NH4HCO3 + NaCl ==> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl Due to the high concentration of the brine solution that is used to generate the product, contaminants are often present in the finished product as chloride compounds. The contaminants may be detected when the finished baking soda product is dried and filtered. PURPOSE: In this experiment, we will be employing quality control by analyzing the composition and purity of the contaminated baking soda samples. To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda.
CHE 111 Laboratory 3 Hydrates Introduction Hydrates Water molecules combine with the molecules of certain substances, forming loose chemical combinations called hydrates. An example of a hydrate is MgSO4•7H2O. This formula means 7 water molecules are loosely attached to a magnesium sulfate molecule. Other examples of hydrates are Na2SO4•10H2O and Ba(OH)2•8H2O. When the hydrate is heated, it easily loses water molecules attached and becomes an anhydrous salt.
h) A way to make hard water softer is to put an sodium nitrate and create a precipitate to mellow out the reaction. Another way of making it softer is by removing the calcium ions one way of doing that is by boiling the solution to take out some of the ions. Conclusion: Overall, we determined that sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is the anion that can be used to precipitate the most metal cations. Also, we learned that the anion sodium chloride, NaCl, could be used to remove silver ions from solutions. The stuff that I found interesting was that how many colours you can get when you mix the cations and anions
Results : Yield (mass in gram) = __________________0.128 g_____________________ Melting point of pure phenyl benzoate (OC) = ___________70O______________ Melting point of your phenyl benzoate (OC) = ___________69O______________ Questions : 1. Why do we use NaOH solution to dissolve phenol rather than water in step 1 ? Because NaOH can be use to change the phenol to ion form, which can be more soluble in the aqueous