DQ 2 Week 1 CJS/334 What is a variable? Explain the difference between an independent and a dependent variable. Provide an example of each. A “Variable” is something that is measured, controlled, or manipulated. They might operate in one of two ways when it comes to research, either as a “dependent variable,” or “independent variable,” it is usually known by either letters or numbers---A variable is anything that has the ability to change or vary in characteristics or properties.
A theoretical sampling distribution of a statistic consists of A. the results of a sample. B. the values of a statistic from all possible samples. C. the
Abstract In this article, Role Theory is revisited from a structural perspective. Based on a set of intuitive hypotheses, a theory of warm-up flow is derived and the consequences presented. Experimental options are listed to test the hypotheses. Elementary concepts, such as the role map and drama interactions are introduced to capture higher level phenomena. The model unfolded is supported with a strict mathematical model describing warm-up flow in role systems.
Case Conceptualisation Guidelines A case conceptualisation is a method for systematically presenting the information about a client in a way that makes logical sense, is internally consistent and brings together the theory and research in psychological interventions. Although all the different psychotherapy approaches may stress different aspects in a case formulation and attend differentially to components (e.g. past versus current factors), there is a general consensus that a good case formulation covers a number of components in terms of past, present and future factors. Regardless of the theoretical orientation a good case formulation should cover the three P’s namely “Predisposing” factors, “Precipitating” factors and “Perpetuating” factors around a particular problem. It is important to look at these factors not only in terms of risk at each stage but also in terms of protective factors as well.
All three “Case Studies” would benefit from the appropriate behaviors that can be managed and changed by their consequences of behavior. The intent of this paper is to map out the behavior modification techniques of Bobby, Jackie and Emma in how their behavior is managed through consequences of the use of a multi-step process. Their problem must be defined, usually by count or description, in designing a way to change the behavior, and to identify an effective reinforce-r and apply that reinforce-r consistently to shape or change the behavior of Bobby, Jackie and Emma. Case of Bobby Miltenberger (2007, p.6) “In behavior modification, the behavior to be modified is called the target behavior”. Bobby is an 8 year old boy with a room that is always in a state of
Assessment Artifact Name Institution Assessment Artifact Assessments form an essential means for teachers to gain insight on learning the progress of students. Assessments determine how students grasp concepts in class, which indicates the ability to make correct decisions. To evaluate learners’ performance, teachers make use of formal and informal assessments. This paper analyzes types of formal and informal assessments that an educator may use to appraise students understanding of concepts. Formal assessments refer to the systematic and pre-planned methods used in determining how students understand class teachings (Brady & McColl, 2010).
A test is considered valid when it measures the way it says it does. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity are the three types of validity. Content validity measures how well a test samples a universe of items. Construct validity examines how well a test reflects an underlying construct or idea behind a test or measurement tool. How well a test reflects some criterion that occurs in either present or future is criterion validity.
Type of experimental or nonexperimental approach, studies of a group (or groups) at one time or over a period of time, and use of control groups. 3. Data collection methods. Choice of a variety of methods such as observation, reanalysis of existing data, questionnaires, and interviews. 4.
He/she uses the information to design changes to the current procedures and to provide a forecast of the expected outcomes. Once the changes are implemented, the results are reviewed and compared with the expected results. Positive or negative variances are analyzed, and further
See example below. The variables to be measured should be clearly pictured. Apparatus Procedure This section should identify and name all experimental variables and briefly describe how the independent variables are controlled. Someone who was not present during the lab should be able to understand how the experiment was performed by reading your procedure. Data consists only of those values measured directly from the experimental apparatus.