Two of the earliest forms of Cognitive behavioral Therapy were Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s, and Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive Therapy Assumptions: • Abnormal behavior is caused by abnormal thinking processes • We interact with the world through our mental representation of it • If our mental representations are inaccurate or our ways of reasoning are inadequate then our emotions and behavior may become disordered The cognitive therapist teaches clients how to identify distorted cognitions through a process of evaluation. The clients learn to discriminate between their own thoughts and reality. They learn the influence that cognition has on their feelings, and they are taught to recognize observe and monitor their own thoughts. The behavior part of the therapy involves setting
What key things do we need to remember with a client before using REBT? (5) 5. What is the key philosophy of CRT (5) 6. Choose three types of confronting using CRT and explain them in your own words using examples (5) 7. What is ‘Attributional’ therapy in your own words (5) 1 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a form of psychotherapy developed from a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy.
Martin is an ABA psychologist that decided to treat the case of Sara with a differential reinforcement of other (DRO) desired behavior, to help her get rid of her self-injurious behavior or at least decrease its frequency. For this, he needed a research design to determine if it was the treatment that was responsible for some eventual changes that were observed at the end of the treatment, or not. As DRO was being used to treat Sara’s behavior, and because this is a process that involves several steps, it became clear that the research design that Martin needed to use is the A-B-A Reversal Design. In this research design, the deadline and treatment are twice implemented, being intercalated. As already mentioned, after deciding the type of the research design to use, Martin chose the differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) as the best solution to the problems Sara having.
The psychodynamic approach searches to explain “how an individual’s personality expresses itself through the behavior” displayed in various situations. (Capuzzi & Gross, 2005). Using the psychodynamic approach, the main goal of the therapist is to get the client’s repressed emotions in the unconscious, into the
Regression is used as a tool in clinical hypnotherapy to help a client retrieve a lost or unclear memory. There are four essential types of regression: direct regression, non-direct regression, esoteric regression and spontaneous regression (Dupe, 2009). Direct regression requires the therapist to direct the client to recall their memory of a specific event or events that underlie their current problem(s). The therapist may direct the client using an Ideo Motor Response (IMR) tailored to help minimise any dangers. Non-direct regression is where the client regresses to recall memories of events that they believe are significant.
It was conceived and developed by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) who taught other psychologists such as, Jung, Adler and Reich who then went onto develop psychotherapy in different directions. (http://psychology.about.com/od/historyofpsychology/a/psychistory_3.htm) Behavioural psychology or behaviourism which is based on an approach to the way a person may behave in their environment, or observable behaviour. This is known as the second force. Writers such as Pavlov
(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The Counsellor may use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy which may be helpful in order to reduce a client’s anxiety. Furthermore, the Counsellor will carry out an initial assessment which involves making a decision as to what psychosocial intervention would be best for each individual client, moreover, the initial assessment will take into account a client’s past experiences. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may be used by the therapist in treating a person who presents with anxiety. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a psychosocial intervention, which works on the basis that it is our thought process that determines our behaviour.
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES & KEY CONCEPTS Aaron T. Beck developed his approach known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of his work and observations with depressed clients. C.B.T. is based on fundamental assumptions that our thoughts can and do determine how we feel and behave in relation to events in our everyday lives and our environment. Beck contends that psychological problems or dysfunctional behaviour can occur as a result of faulty or distorted thinking and through engaging and employing C.B.T. techniques we can change or modify the way we think, to cause us to feel and act better even if our external situations and events do not change.
Approaches to Psychotherapy Shannon Brennan PSY 210 December 16, 2010 Ms. Alecia Nelson There is a variety of approaches to treat psychological disorders. They all include four essential characteristics such as systematic interaction between a client and a therapist, based on psychological theory and research, they influence a client’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and they are used to treat disorders, adjustment problems, and to foster personal growth. The approaches include biomedical, psychodynamic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, and cognitive approaches. Psychodynamic approaches deal with helping people develop insight into the struggles occurring within the psyche between mental states, where the root of psychological problems begin like anxiety and depression. (Nevid & Rathus.
In essence, these approaches focus on behavior as important in its own right and often seek to change instances of disordered behavior via the application of clearly articulated basic principles of learning. Aaron Beck developed a series of questions to measure the intensity, severity, and depth of depression in patients with psychiatric diagnoses. This set of questions has helped many therapists determine the need for further medical treatment. This tool is widely used in cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr Aaron T. Beck Aaron T. Beck started training as psychoanalysis alongside Albert Ellis.