Scientific methods often involve quantative data. For example: the number of breathes in a minute or weight kg. Qualitative research involves collecting data that cannot be easily measured and instead can only be recorded using language. Qualitative data tends to be gathered using unstructured interviews, audio recording of conversations or narrative observations. Type of research | Advantage | Disadvantage | Primary research method Survey | Surveys are easy to develop.
Secondary Research is when the data and information has already been collected. This helps businesses because it’s an easy and quick process of gathering the information/ data. The advantage of secondary research is that the information is easy to access and it’s a low cost process. A problem that occurs is the information may not be specific to the business purpose
It would not evaluate the price of surrounding damage nor the benefit of faster and effortless travel to work or school. A better way to look at it is, cost benefit amount copy's to try and put a monetary value on insubstantial costs and benefits. The version of cost/benefit analysis is very trouble-free. Whenever you have a big amount of money, development assessment can be really difficult. Advantages of CBA Cost Benefit Analysis is a strong, broadly applied and a fairly easy way in choosing to make an adjustment.
Occasional minor errors in grammar and mechanics do not interfere significantly with the reading experience. Sentences communicate ideas clearly but could, at times, be more concise, precise, or varied in structure. Minor lapses in word choice and tone. | Clear, fluid prose with minimal errors in grammar and mechanics. Sentences are varied in structure and communicate ideas efficiently and effectively.
In the waterfall model, the project is broken into sub-tasks that are undertaken in a sequence order. A task cannot start until the previous one - if exists - is completed. The fundamental developments stages are: * Requirements analysis and definition * System and software design * Implementation * Testing * Operation and maintenance Strengths Simplicity One of the strengths of this model is the sequencing of activities which makes it very simple to understand and implement regardless of the project size because it is well structured. Milestones are easy to be defined before the start of the project typically at the end of each stage and project managers can easily measure the project progress. Settled requirements
The validity of the data also increases through the flexibility of informal interviewing, leads can be followed up and the respondent can take the interview in the direction they want. Structured interviews are a good way of doing social research. They have a high responde rate compared to postal questionnaire. The problem with them is that they are prone to bias. They also consume a lot of time and are expensive.
There was a free recall test, photo recognition test and name recognition test. Results showed that free recall of names was much poorer; so people could not so easily retrieve VLTMs without a cue. His results suggested that a lot of information is stored in our memories which can only be jogged via recognition from pictures or their names being said, rather than just a recall test where you’d have no visual cues. So recognition helps people remember things much more easily and for longer. Petersons STM study was argued to be high in internal validity, and this was mainly due to the fact that instructions to participants were standardised, repetitions of consonants or tridiagrams was prevented and extraneous variables were controlled, thus meaning the experiment had high internal validity and also made it easier to replicate.
One of the major strengths of questionnaires is their practicality. The fact that they are cheap and easy to create means that sociologists can target a high number of parents in a small time frame. For example, Rutter used questionnaires to collect large quantities of data from 12 inner London secondary schools in which he correlated achievement, attendance and behaviour with variables like class size. This was simple to do unlike a method like observation which would be extremely time consuming. Time is also saved as researchers would not need to recruit people to talk to the parents individually.
This is because it gives the analysis a more statistical power. In a qualitative research there don't need to be a large number of people, a small group or even a single participant can give good results. Another difference is that qualitative researches are more subjective than quantitative researches, small groups of people are asked a number of questions and the researcher explores and probes into these questions. Quantitative research studies test theory while qualitative researches develop theory. Qualitative research generates rich, detailed and valid data that contribute to in depth understanding of the context, quantitative researches generate reliable population based and generalised data.
An advantage of a survey is that you can get lots of data in a relatively short space of time and a disadvantage is that the responses may not always be specific. The most common form of qualitative research is face to face interview which is basically a meeting with someone to discuss various issues. Quantitative data is data that is usually in the form of numerical or statistical data while qualitative data is a categorical measurement expressed not in the terms of numbers but rather by a means of a natural language description. One way to acquire quantitative data is surveys while participant and non participant observations , case studies and unstructured interviews to get qualitative data. If the researcher decides to use any of the quantitative research method , they should always consider the size, cost and the purpose of the research whereas with the qualitative, they should take into