Peter The Great's Absolute Rule

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How far did the introduction of Western Style reforms and the use of foreigners assist Peter the Great in strengthening his absolute rule? Peter the Great was influenced by the instability in Russia he had witnessed in Childhood, and was determined to expunge the subversive element of his population which could precipitate a resurgence of this anti-authoritarian violence. Further aims included the unification of Russia, extension of territory and its defence against the Poles, Tatars and Swedes. This required securing his absolutism, as internal security is a prerequisite of an effective foreign policy. Although foreigners and western-style changes did not cover the entire scope of his developments, they certainly appear to have been a fundamental…show more content…
Peter had induced over 800 experts to emigrate to Russia, many of whom were military experts. Foreign officers trained the troops, and battles were planned according to German infantry manuals. Shipbuilding was supervised by the Dutch, and the new manufacturing techniques resulted in 800 galleys and 48 ships, which constituted the creation of Russia’s first navy. This resulted in Peter’s victories, notably at Poltava in 1709, against Persia in 1723 and the naval victory at Cape Hango which ensured the collapse of the Swedish empire. This helped Peter strengthen his rule as he was able to consolidate this through military success. Peter’s success as a warrior was recognised by the award of the epithet “the Great” after the treaty of Nystadt, and it could be argued that military victories, which encouraged patriotism and raised the Tsar’s popularity, were the only factor which prevented a coup, such was the opposition to his domestic reforms. Therefore foreign assistance in this field was of paramount importance, as it was this invaluable military strength that allowed him to further his…show more content…
It can be seen that, even after Poltava, Russian industry was still instrumental in Peter’s absolutism, as the stable economy prevented the revolt of important members of society such as merchants, who could now trade effectively with other countries. However, there were some reforms that were unconnected with foreigners, and others which were Western in origin but not designed to strengthen his rule. The abolition of the position of Patriarch was a move prompted not by any Western influence but by Peter’s desire to remove opposition, and hence maintain his absolutism. The actual date (1700) was determined by the convenient death of Patriarch Adrian, and Peter chose not to appoint a successor as the war was going badly and he was unpopular, and the Patriarch would have been a focus for disillusioned Russians. The assemblies which were held from December 1718 in St Petersburg and included the compulsory presence of women, were a complete break with the Muscovite tradition but owed more to Peter’s desire to show the extent of his Westernisation, rather than any advance in royal
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