It is for this reason that Identification of bacteria is very important in the many areas of microbiology (Singh, 2009). There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The reasons range from medical purposes, such as determining if the unknown could cause ailments in living things or knowing what microorganisms are needed to make antibiotics to other purposes such as knowing the exact microorganism has to be used to make certain foods (Burton, 2003). Throughout this report we will be addressing the differences in methods of identifying unknown microorganisms and differentiate between the results of these techniques by explaining how each outcome was achieved. The main aim of these experiments is to determine whether the unknown microorganisms are of Gram-Positive or Gram Negative nature and ultimately to determine exactly what kind on microorganism the unknowns are.
MEMO To: Carrie Johnson From: Staff Biologist RE: Bacteria The first step in identifying the mystery organism is to know what kingdom it belongs to. It will belong to one of the following kingdoms: animals, plants, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, or protista. Organisms are placed into these categories based on similarities or common characteristics. Some of the characteristics that are used to determine placement are cell type, metabolism, and reproduction. Examine your living organism and determine if it is a bacteria, achaean or a eukaryote.
In comparison of the descriptive chart and the comparative analysis sheet, 18 out 18 of the tests performed were alike. This data helped me identify this unknown bacteria and understand why it was that bacteria. Enterobacter aerogenes is a facultative anaerobic bacteria that is present in the intestinal tract of humans. This bacteria naturally occurs in soil and freshwater and is present on plants, sewage, and is an opportunistic pathogen present on human skin. Antibiotics can be used to treat the
The suspension is then heated at approximately 95®C for 15-20 minutes. It is then cooled at 4®C and centrifuged, a pellet will form, but the supernatant will be used for the PCR procedure because it contains the DNA. (http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.01_ANTHRAX.pdf). Most reference laboratories use already commercially prepared, that consist of B. anthracis specific primers and probe mixtures that target the genes that code for the virulent toxin. During the PCR reaction, the forward and reverse primers anneal to the complementary sequence on the DNA and a probe that is labelled with a 5’ dye and a 3’ quencher, anneals to the target gene of the bacterium’s DNA.
Animal cells have membrane bound organelles, bacteria do not so that makes them much bigger than a bacteria cell. Part B: Gram Stain Materials & Methods: Materials: * Watch the “Gram Stain “ video * Answer the questions and include them in the lab report. Questions & Answers: 1. This procedure is used to separate what two types of bacteria? A. Gram negative and gram positive.
Genetically modified foods are plants that have had their genetic characteristics altered. 2. What foods can be created by genetic modification? Sweet corn, rice, tomatoes, rape plants, and animals 3. Name 4 examples of genetically modified crops.
How can recombinant DNA and bacterial cells be used to produce vaccines? 8. How can engineered plasmids be inserted into bacterial cells? 9. What is epidemiology?
As part of an undergraduate project, a student was attempting to construct a restriction map for the plasmid pUC23 using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI. After carrying out both single and double enzyme digest reactions and electrophoresing each reaction mix through an aragose gel, the picture below is obtained, showing the number of DNA fragments produced in each reaction, along with the sizes of each fragment. From this information, construct a restriction map of the pUC23 for enzymes EcoRI and BamHI. Digest Performed: Sizes of Fragments Obtained:
Parasite Rex Questions 1. What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek do to further parasite research? A: Anton van Leeuwenhoek put everything he could under his microscope, including the filth on his teeth, his meals, or even his own feces, to observe the little creatures that live inside these things. 2. What is the general rule for establishing similar species?
These techniques called immunoassays also allow microbiologists to identify genes that result in resistance to antibiotics and to distinctive identification markers via DNA of the individual isolates for epidemiological tracking. Recognition of newly emerging infectious diseases and control of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and common gram negative bacilli depend heavily on