Outline Of Chapter 19 The Changing Life Of The Family

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CHAPTER 19 The Changing Life of the People (1700–1800) I. Marriage and the Family A. Late Marriages and Nuclear Families 1. Within the structure of the family—the basic unit of social organization—human beings love, mate, reproduce, and impart values to children. 2. When young eighteenth-century European couples married, they normally established their own households and lived apart from their parents. 3. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the average person married surprisingly late, and 10 to 20 percent of men and women never married at all. 4. Couples normally did not marry until they could start an independent household, which sometimes meant waiting until the father’s death to inherit land and marry. 5. Laws…show more content…
Evidence from diaries, letters, and family portraits indicates that many parents did cherish their children and suffered greatly when they died. 4. In a society characterized by much violence and brutality, discipline of children was often severe. 5. The Enlightenment, however, produced an enthusiastic new discourse about childhood and child rearing. 6. Starting around 1760 critics called for greater tenderness toward children and proposed imaginative new teaching methods. 7. For Enlightenment thinkers, the best hopes for creating a new society, untrammeled by the prejudices of the past, lay in a radical reform of child-rearing techniques. 8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Emile, or On Education (1762) fervently advocated breast-feeding and natural dress for all children, along with plenty of fresh air and exercise for boys. 9. Rousseau, believing that women’s ―nature destined them for a life of marriage and child rearing, insisted that girls’ education focus on their future domestic responsibilities. 10. For all his influence in the area of child-rearing techniques, Rousseau also reveals the occasional hypocrisy of Enlightenment thinkers: he abandoned all five of his children to foundling

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