Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Schizophrenia

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Outline and Evaluate issues surrounding the classification and diagnosis of Schizophrenia The DSM-IV and the ICD-10 are based on a series of categories. They assume that all mental disorders are distinct from each other, and if you fulfill the relevant criteria you have the disorder. However, some patients show comorbidity, which is where an individual suffers from two or more mental disorders at the same time. This creates problems of reliability and validity in the classification and diagnosis of Schizophrenia. For a classification system to be useful it needs to be reliable. One problem is that of differential diagnosis, Bhui et al suggested symptoms of different mental disorders often overlap, exhibiting some symptoms of schizophrenia, e.g. major depressive disorder and schizophrenia both involve low levels of motivation. Therefore suggesting that there is no sharp dividing line between individuals with schizophrenia and those not suffering from the condition. Additionally, the existence of a disorder called Schizotypal personality disorder means that it is sometimes difficult to decide if a person has schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder further reducing the reliability with which schizophrenia is diagnosed. Furthermore, issues of reliability are further caused by using the DSM – IV’s five main types of schizophrenia; Disorganised schizophrenia, Catatonic Schizophrenia, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Undifferentiated schizophrenia and Residual Schizophrenia. Patients with catatonic schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia often have symptoms in common, therefore it can be seen as the same disorder and it is harder to distinguish between the two. Also, if a diagnosis is reliable, then why is there a category identified as ‘undifferentiated’ which makes it seem to be a ‘not sure category’. Moreover, why is a person diagnosed as having
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