The ICD also lists two types of schizophrenia that are not present in the DSM resulting in inconsistency of diagnosis depending on what classification system is used thus causing a lack in reliability. The criteria for schizophrenia has changed considerably and it is believed to be a broad term because at least two different conditions exist (Crow). It has many different categories and symptoms & the broadness of the criteria makes if difficult to diagnose the disorder. As the definition of schizophrenia is always changing, it is unreliable as it lacks consistency thus invalidating the classification of the illness. This effects treatments, diagnosis and aetiology.
One of the main issues pertaining to diagnosis is the reliability of it. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are the main references for when psychologists are determining whether or not someone has a phobia. If diagnosis was being done with little or no reference to the mentioned articles then it would not be very reliable, as opposed to if they were being cited then it would be a much more reliable classification. Another problem is that it is very possible for diagnostic disagreements to occur due to differences in interpreting the causes or effects. For example, one of the main constituents of a phobia is generally described as being where the ‘anxiety causes interference with the functioning of a normal life’, but what if different doctors had different ideas of what a normal life was?
Personality Disorders Discuss the problems related with identifying and diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder Introduction The term “borderline” means in-between things. Originally, this term was used when the clinician was unsure of the correct personality disorder diagnosis, because the patient manifested a mixture of neurotic and psychotic symptoms. Today there is a hopeful prognosis, but there are still a lot of questions to be answered and things to be learned about Borderline Personality Disorder. What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is difficult to treat, because of poor patient response and because of the trouble caused to the therapist and the treatment team.
Discuss methodological issues in the study of psychokinesis (4 marks + 6 marks) There are many methodological issues with research into psychokinesis, one being that it’s highly fraudulent. Many times which individuals who claim to be able to do psychokinesis tend to not be able to show their ‘powers’ when put in controlled settings. The existence of macro-PK should be able to be easily demonstrated under controlled conditions however, till this date, no compelling evidence has been produced and hence a great focus is put on micro-PK, frankly because it can easily be shown through trickery. An example of fraud in psychokinesis is Uri Geller, who was the most well-known person for psychokinesis abilities and claimed to have powers that he used to bend spoons, stop clocks, be telepathic etc. Gellar, however, would never be able to reproduce his powers when asked to perform on the spot.
On the other hand, it may not always be easy to evaluate psychoanalysis scientifically, due the fact that some concepts, for instance insight and repression is difficult to measure. For instance if the client’s behaviour improves, then insight has take place, if not then, it seems that insight has not worked. Moreover, the psychoanalysis has been criticized, for not always having a great deal of effect. For example, figures
While in the early stages of the deinstitutionalization the methods were radical and released patients from hospitals most programs were not well thought out or implemented. The hope was to give more hope to the mentally ill than the harm they were experiencing. Although this process created havoc and concern for society, it has evolved through the years and involves more than simply changing the locus of care for people. The today’s treatment involves a more tailored need to each individual, hospital care to those who need it, services culturally relevant,
It is always hardly predictable where a trip might lead to, especially without guidance or in a hostile environment. Whereas most consumers, especially in the 1960s, were enthusiastic about the drug’s physical safety, some few cases showed that LSD could also break down the mind, especially of those who already suffered from psychoses. But, on the other hand, for many more the hallucinogen bore the potential to open a new age where the unconsciousness can be explored and rationality being replaced by emotionality. While the legacy of many facets of the 1960s has positively prevailed until today, the LSD discourse vanished completely out of attention. Maybe a continuing scientifically research of LSD would lead to a state, where it could be inserted well-directed, yet for now LSD is just another
With this being the case, antipsychotic medications often have side effects that need to be monitored regularly by the health professionals (Young et al, 2011). Compliance is often a challenge with patients either because of the unmanageable side effects they experience or through limited insight. It is a role of the health professionals involved in the care to closely monitor this behaviour, as the effectiveness of the treatment may be affected (Young et al, 2011). Keller, Drexler &Lichtenberg (2009) discuss the benefits of treating paranoid schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). However both forms of treatment are linked with harsh side effects.
Mental Illness Too many people today don’t know what mental illness is and how it affects people. The rising cases of mental illness have brought attention to the public. The public needs to help find a way to properly treat and cure mental illness, and help people going through its struggles. When people think of mental illness, many people have different thoughts of its definition. Mental illness has no simple down right explanation.
Other views led to a myriad of ineffective treatments that were often torturous to the patients including: fever therapy, sleep therapy, gas therapy, electroconvulsive or electroshock treatment, and prefrontal leucotomy (Burton, 2012). Worse than these more modern therapies, in antiquity many of