The concept of criminal investigation can be traced back thousands of years, to early times in china and other part of Asia, as well as the Middle East, where agents of government used a great many legal, as well as illegal approaches (most notably torture) as a means of identifying transgressor of public order. In England, the so-called “thief catchers” were frequently drawn from elements of the underworld. The rank and file of the recruits constituted a distinct breed, but two clear-cut differences in motivation set some apart from others. Hireling, with mercenary motives, would play both sides of the street; social climbers would in criminate their confederates in order to move into respectable society. Identify and explain the two major branches of forensic science.
Infiltrating the Mongols Modern “outlaw motorcycle gangs” (OMG’s) are just as sophisticated, organized and dangerous as traditional Mafia families. They have spread around the globe, with chapters as far as Mexico and Europe (Mongols). Like the Mafia, they form an impenetrable society; the distinction being the deliberate violence these biker organizations create. Where the Mafia hides its illegal activities in legitimacy, OMG’s proudly wreak havoc while identifying themselves as Hells Angels, Pagans, or as in the subject of this particular undercover investigation - Mongols. William Queen, a veteran Special Agent with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and a U.S. Army Special Forces Vietnam veteran was fed up with the hassle of desk work.
The Crime and Disorder Legislation was created on 2nd December 1997 but received Royal Assent in July 1998. The key areas of the Crime and Disorder Legislation is the introduction of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders, Sex Offender Orders, granting local authorities more powers/responsibilities to reduce crime and disorder, Parenting Orders and the introduction to laws regarding ‘racially aggravated’ offences. This act abolished the fact that a person between ten and fourteen years old can commit an offence. The Legislation also abolished the death penalty if you committed treason or piracy. ASBO's The act also introduced an ASBO (Anti-Social Behaviour Order).
Usually people think gangs are just society’s problems, and label them as killers and drug dealers. A gang is a group of recurrently associating individuals or close friends with identifiable leadership and international organization, identifying with or claiming control over territory in a community, and engaging either individually or collectively in violence. Although gangs exist internationally there is a greater level of study and knowledgeable information of gangs specifically in the United States. A member of a gang is called a gangster. (FBI) In the late 1940’s -1970’s public housing high rises became the home of many gangs, (Riis) In 2009 there were over 1 million documented gang members.
Internal being where a person attributes the cause of behaviour within themselves and external referring to the social and environmental factors - blaming the situation. Gudjohnsson and Bownes used a sample of 80 criminals who were serving sentences in Northern Ireland. They were all divided into groups. One group had 20 subjects who were violent criminals, whose mean age was 29. Another group included 40 sex offenders, who induced crimes such as rape, paedophilia and sexual assaults.
They comment that "moving to a mandatory ISP filtering regime with a scope that goes well beyond such material (child abuse and terrorism) is heavy handed and can raise genuine questions about restrictions on access to information." iinet an Australian ISP who are also against the filter accuse Conroy of intentionally giving false information when he claims "85% of ISP's welcome the filter." So now he’s a liar too. The general public has taken protest even further. The group anonymous attempted to "annihilate (the Australian governments) presence on the internet" by dosing Australian government websites, mainly the aph website.
The ‘rush’ received from a high speed pursuit is explained by many individuals who have been involved in a police chase. This extreme behaviour can be linked with the theory of edgework, along with many other theories such as Social Learning theory and Social Ecology theory. Edgework involves voluntary risk-taking whereas the Social Ecology theory involves certain areas and groups of people that tend to commit crimes, where crime becomes status quo, not individuals seeking deviance. The individuals engaged in the Social Ecology theory may end up in the chase through other crimes, and they may have been involved in those crimes due to the area they reside, this could mean they have had a negative pre-disposition. Social Learning theory applies to individuals from certain social groups that learn the criminal behaviour through interaction with others; these individuals may end up in a high-speed chase through another crime like auto theft or fleeing the scene of a crime, whereas edgeworkers are inclined to the chase itself.
The Australian legal system has been presented with an amalgam of issues which has challenged legislation, statutory bodies and the Australian community. Recently the rising threat of crime due to Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs along with gun control has posed a serious challenge to our nation’s wellbeing. Similarly gun control, which emanated from the Port Arthur Massacre, has gained widespread attention as the amount of illegal firearms along with suburban shootings is on the rise. There have been many attempts to combat these issues however the effectiveness of legal and non-legal mechanisms in addressing these contemporary issues remains questionable. Outlaw motorcycle gangs are reputed to be involved in the manufacturing and distribution of
Northern cliques may have conflict with other Norteno gangs on the streets, yet in prison they will bond together for protection under the leadership of the Nuestra Familia. The Nuestra Familia has a chain of command that oversees every Norteno gang in California. Nortenos have been identified in nearly every state in the United States of America. Nortenos have continued to be heavily involved in murders, felony assaults, thefts and drug sales. Northern gangs are bitter enemies to the EME and Southern street gangs.
There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals. (New texts pg 138) which highlights the problems in defining crime or deviance. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE Many believe crime and deviance has developed on separate tracks over the years as criminologist serve only for legality, crime and crime-related phenomena. The study of deviance however serves for a wider range of behaviours that are not necessarily illegal for example suicide, alcoholism, homosexuality, mentally disordered behaviours. (Bader et al) The main difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been broken whereas a crime is where a formal and social norm is broken.