Excessive intake of alcohol, for example, is known to inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts and this decreases bone formation which in turn causes a significant increase in the risk of fracture among vulnerable groups. Research has also identified tobacco as having a negative effect on bone density by inhibiting the proliferation of osteoblasts. Dietary practices as well as personal preferences which lead to deficiency in vitamin D and oestrogen also constitute a risk factor. Another risk factor is the long term use of glucocorticoids as this promotes apoptosis in bone-building osteoblasts and enhances the survival of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, thereby leading to a rapid decrease in BMD. Finally, low body mass index decreases the secretion of hormones which act on bone and this also stimulates osteoblast action.
Lifestyle choices often can be a cause of ageing as damages to body systems such as high cholesterol diets causing Coronary Heart Disease or being out in the sun a lot causing the wrinkling of skin. Hormonal control Women usually experience a major decrease in the hormone oestrogen following the stage of menopause where a women stops having her periods, meaning she is not able to have any more children. This decrease in oestrogen is associated with osteoporosis. Women are more at risk of having osteoporosis than men because bone strength is influenced by the reduction of osteoporosis. Some people may be more at risk of osteoporosis than others because osteoporosis may be influenced by genetic inheritance.
Aside from treatment options of exercise and dietary supplements, bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis in early 2011, made from two phosphonic groups. The drugs worked by slowing the breakdown of bone by osteoclasts, resulting in an increase in BMD and a decrease in fractures. Despite the strong efficacy of bisphosphonates, compliance was low; studies indicated that about 50% of patients discontinued oral bisphosphonate therapy within the first year. Prolia’s competition: | U.S. Sales (mil) | Year | Boniva | $600.00 | 2008 | Reclast | $579.00 | 2010 | Evista | $682.00 | 2009 | Forteo |
Dementia Awareness Dementia is not a disease in its own rights and it is not a part of the normal aging process. It is a progressive condition which means it will gradually become worse. This is because when dealing with dementia brain cells will begin to die and as these brain cells cannot usually be replaced the cells die and the brain begins to shrink. It is a common illness and affects around 820,000 people just in the UK alone. Most people who suffer with it are over 65 but there are 150,000 people under 65 who also suffer with it.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease that causes weak bones that break easily. It is known as brittle bone disease. Sometimes the bones break for no known reason. OI can also cause many other problems such as weak muscles, brittle teeth, and hearing loss. About 20,000 to 50,000 people in the United States have OI.OI is caused by one of several genes that aren’t working properly.
Arthritis in young people is a big problem because although approximately 294,000 children under the age of 18 are affected by paediatric arthritis and rheumatologic conditions many people are not aware that arthritis can affect young people. Dr Peter Prouse, consultant rheumatologist at North Hampshire Hospital, says that ‘Doctors often miss cases of arthritis in children,'. He says that ‘it reflects the amount of training that many doctors get with rheumatic diseases. In a course of five years, many medical students will have only two weeks training in rheumatology. It has been a neglected speciality for a very long time.'
Reduced immunity, in turn, makes the person susceptible to a great number of diseases that weaken the body to a great extent and hence, the overall growth reduces. In addition to the growth hormone, lack of sleep may disturb other hormones responsible for the metabolism of compounds such as glucose. This results in conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Millions of students don’t get enough sleep and they suffer with bad grades. A survey shows that forty-nine percent of
after a fall or an accident, we might not recover as fast as we would when we were younger. Skin also bruises easier and it takes longer for bruises to disappear. Our bones also get weaker as we age, due to loss of calcium and other minerals. We may also experience a reduction in muscle mass as we get older too. We also become more prone to osteoporosis as we age, due to this.
Insulin Pumps People with diabetes always love learning about a new product that can help reduce their hbA1c. HbA1c is a three month average of blood glucose control. Keeping hbA1c under control is very important so patients with diabetes avoid serious problems in the future. The three articles summarize new experiments that have to do with lowering the hbA1c level with insulin pumps. There are many pros and cons in these articles about how the insulin pump or shots can improve patients care.
When affected by a spinal fracture, the end results vary. Some things that can result from having a spinal fracture include: a lifetime of back pain, loss of height, and (or) deformation to the back/ spine. The Risk Profile is currently only accurate for women; and it states that “compared with men, women are four times more likely to develop the disease, and we understand their risk factors much better”. One out of every two women over the age of fifty has a fracture from osteoporosis. Additionally, people whom have osteoporosis that goes untreated usually feel no pain until a bone breaks.