King Louis XIV reign of France was exampled by an absolute monarchy, which gave him the ultimate governing authority over his sovereign state and subjects. Louis was a believer in dictatorship by devine right, and viewed himself as God’s representative on earth. In Bossuet’s Holy Writ, he speaks of how, “Rulers then act as the ministers of God and as his lieutenants on earth, it is through them that God exercises his empire” (www.history.hanover.edu). Bossuet lets the people know that as God is the ruler of everything, he has a king who he uses on earth to rule over them while they are on earth to guide their decisions. Louis, in the early stages of his reign as the sole ruler of France, after the death of Cardinal Mazarin, showed strong determination to be a real king.
His values were based on the age old form of government; bureaucracy. This form government provides order, dependability, and stability. According to (Weber, 1922), a bureaucracy establishes a relation between legally instated authorities and their subordinate officials which is characterized by defined rights and duties, prescribed in written regulations; authority relations between positions, which are ordered systematically; appointment and promotion based on contractual agreements. As a leader in the public sector, Scanlan’s ethical standards of public leaders conformed to standards higher than those aligned with personal morality. In his commentary,(Gawthrop 2005) states that “as a government systems become more commonplace, the responsibility for promoting the ethical moral values of democracy rests most directly on the public managers and policymakers of democratic systems”.
Following on from this, in 1534, the Act of Supremacy was introduced. This created a change in government as it was ‘an act concerning the King’s Highness to be Supreme Head of the Church of England and to have authority to reform and redress all errors, heresies and abuses in the same.’ This was changing parliament as they were not giving powers to the Crown as they were therefore only able to confirm the situations that Henry chose to make. The Act of First Fruits and Tenths also had an impact on how parliament was in 1534 as because all clerical office holders were to pay the Crown approximately a year’s income on appointment (the first fruits) and then ten per cent of their income annually thereafter. This
Louis XIV From the start of his rein of France, Louis XIV ruled his country through divine right. He sought to consolidate power throughout France by establishing an absolute monarch. King Louis XIV wanted to control everything from law making to determine taxes. Louis XIV started to gain his absolute monarch through several wars, which would eventually move France into the golden age. He also used the quote, “ L’Etat, c’est moi”, which translates to “ I am the state”.
What is leadership? “Leadership has been defined in many ways: as a matter of personality, as a power relation and as ‘the process by which groups, organizations, and societies attempt to achieve common goals’” (Hald-Mortensen, 2007) I believe that an effective leader must have the following qualities a clear vision, the ability to make the proper decisions, and how to delegate. In researching the leadership styles of President Dwight Einsenhower and President John F. Kennedy, it seems that both these presidents had these traits in their own ways. Both presidents were against the expansion of communism through what President Eisenhower coined as the “Domino Theory” and supported the government of Diem in South Vietnam in order to avoid this
The King could define the faith in parliament. The King also had the power to appoint men of his choosing to the most important ecclesiastical posts. The passing of this act gave Henry more power than ever for within his own realm he was superior to the Pope and all taxes formerly paid to Rome would now be paid to the King. The Act of Succession 1534 Mary was excluded from the succession, in favor of any children from Henry and Anne. All nobles had to swear an oath confirming the terms of the succession.
The Threat of Bush’s Unitary Executive For thousands of years a king ran governments, he had the final authority and made all the decisions. He might consult with his advisors but he was free to make his own decision. He might examine the law but he was not forced to follow it, the king could interpret the law as he saw fit. The role of the governed was to follow the king and obey his decisions. Today American government is a representative democracy; the land has three branches, which the Constitution has given equal power.
Absolutism within France was a political system associated with kings such as Louis XIII and, more particularly, Louis XIV. Absolutism or absolute monarchical rule was developing across Europe during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Important politicians such as Cardinal Richilieu were staunch supporters of absolutism. Absolute rule meant that the power of the monarch was, in theory, unlimited except by divine law or by what was called ‘natural law’. In an absolute society, the only person who could change the powers of the monarch was the monarch him/herself.
A king shall make and interpret the law and have authority over everyone in his kingdom. King James I trusted that because he implements the law he shall abide by them at his will, but only as he sees fit. Cardinal Richelieu of France, Louis XIV of France, and James I of England all considered absolutism to be important in ruling a country. Only one powerful ruler could anticipate his subjects to follow in his rule. Absolutism reigned powerful with Louis XIV and James
ANDREW FRANCIS Why did power cause the civil war? Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings - he was king because God wanted him to be, and therefore everyone should obey him as they would God,without question. Further, because God wanted Charles as king, then no earthly power could challenge this power,or remove the king from his position. Charles therefore believed that,as king, he had supreme political power. Parliament believed that,as the elected representatives of the People (albeit on a very narrow franchise),that they had the right to wield supreme political power.