Nursing Theories Essay

911 Words4 Pages
NURSING THEORIES
Boise State University

Comparing the theories of nurses can be done by comparing the way their philosophies are in line with the four metaparadigms of nursing theory. The four metaparadigms, patient, environment, health, and nursing, are the major concepts of the nursing discipline. (Black, 2011) I have chosen four nurses to identify how their theories relate to the four metaparadigms. Imogene King, Florence Nightengale, Dorothea Orem, and Jean Watson all have different philosophies when it comes to the discipline of nursing. Imogene King is known for her “Goal Attainment Theory”. Nurses are very familiar with her philosophy as she refers to the nursing process. In her theory, human beings are open systems in constant interaction with the environment. Their environment consists of society, socialization, communication, transaction, and interaction with all. Her basis for health and nursing is to provide a goal to work toward. This is done through mutual communication to establish these goals and taking actions to attain these goals. (Nursing, 2012) Dorothea E. Orem is known for her theory of “Self Care Deficit”. Her philosophy on the person is that people are distinct individuals and should be self reliant and responsible for their own care. There are environmental factors which include elements and conditions that develop within the environment. In her theory, Nursing is a form of action and interaction between two or more persons. To achieve health means to successfully develop self care objectives and meeting these objectives is a vital aspect of care and prevention. A person can fall into different levels of care. They can be “Wholly compensatory” which the nurse is doing everything for the patient, “Partly compensatory” in which the nurse is helping the patient help themselves, and “Supportive” in which the nurse is

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